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1. Chasing Interannual Marine Paleovariability

   https://doi.org/10.1029/2023PA004723  

   Thirumalai, Kaustubh; Maupin, Christopher R. (August 2023, Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology)

   Abstract Several modes of tropical sea‐surface temperature (SST) variability operate on year‐to‐year (interannual) timescales and profoundly shape seasonal precipitation patterns across adjacent landmasses. Substantial uncertainty remains in addressing how SST variability will become altered under sustained greenhouse warming. Paleoceanographic estimates of changes in variability under past climatic states have emerged as a powerful method to clarify the sensitivity of interannual variability to climate forcing. Several approaches have been developed to investigate interannual SST variability within and beyond the observational period, primarily using marine calcifiers that afford subannual‐resolution sampling plans. Amongst these approaches, geochemical variations in coral skeletons are particularly attractive for their near‐monthly, continuous sampling resolution, and capacity to focus on SST anomalies after removing an annual cycle calculated over many years (represented as geochemical oscillations). Here we briefly review the paleoceanographic pursuit of interannual variability. We additionally highlight recent research documented by Ong et al., (2022,https://doi.org/10.1029/2022PA004483) who demonstrate the utility of Sr/Ca variations in capturing SST variability using a difficult‐to‐sample meandroid coral species,Colpophyllia natans, which is widespread across the Caribbean region and can be used to generate records spanning multiple centuries. 

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2. Hydrologic controls on junction angle of river networks: HYDROLOGIC CONTROLS ON JUNCTION ANGLE

   https://doi.org/10.1002/2016WR020267  

   Hooshyar, Milad; Singh, Arvind; Wang, Dingbao (May 2017, Water Resources Research)
3. Predicting the Interannual Variability of California's Total Annual Precipitation

   https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GL091465  

   Cheng, Rui; Novak, Lenka; Schneider, Tapio (March 2021, Geophysical Research Letters)
4. An Estimate of Equilibrium Climate Sensitivity From Interannual Variability

   https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JD028481  

   Dessler, A. E.; Forster, P. M. (August 2018, Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres)
5. Characterizing the Interannual Variability of North Atlantic Subpolar Overturning

   https://doi.org/10.1029/2025GL114672  

   Fu, Yao; Lozier, M_Susan; Bower, Amy; Burmeister, Kristin; Carrilho_Biló, Tiago; Cyr, Frédéric; Cunningham, Stuart_A; deYoung, Brad; Dilmahamod, Ahmad_Fehmi; de_Jong, M_Femke; et al (September 2025, Geophysical Research Letters)

   Abstract Variability of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (MOC) has drawn extensive attention due to its impact on the global redistribution of heat and freshwater. Here we present the latest time series (2014–2022) of the Overturning in the Subpolar North Atlantic Program and characterize MOC interannual variability. We find that any single boundary current captures ∼30% of subpolar MOC interannual variability. However, to fully resolve MOC variability, a wide swath across the eastern subpolar basin is needed; in the Labrador Sea both boundaries are needed. Through a volume budget analysis for the subpolar basins' lower limbs, we estimate the magnitude of unresolved processes (e.g., diapycnal mixing) required to close the mean budget (∼2 Sv). We find that in the eastern subpolar basin surface‐forced transformation variability is linked to lower limb volume variability, which translates to MOC changes within the same year. In contrast, this linkage is weak in the Labrador Sea. 

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