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1. Controls on solute concentration-discharge relationships revealed by simultaneous hydrochemistry observations of hillslope runoff and stream flow: The importance of critical zone structure: C-Q RELATIONSHIPS OF ELDER CREEK

   https://doi.org/10.1002/2016WR019722  

   Kim, Hyojin ; Dietrich, William E. ; Thurnhoffer, Benjamin M. ; Bishop, Jim K. ; Fung, Inez Y. ( February 2017 , Water Resources Research)
2. Critical zone structure controls concentration-discharge relationships and solute generation in forested tropical montane watersheds: TROPICAL C-Q RELATIONSHIPS

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   Wymore, Adam S. ; Brereton, Richard L. ; Ibarra, Daniel E. ; Maher, Kate ; McDowell, William H. ( July 2017 , Water Resources Research)
3. Evaluating Spatial Variability in Sediment and Phosphorus Concentration-Discharge Relationships Using Bayesian Inference and Self-Organizing Maps: BAYES LIN REGR SOM TO EVAL C-Q DYNAMICS

   https://doi.org/10.1002/2017WR021353  

   Underwood, Kristen L. ; Rizzo, Donna M. ; Schroth, Andrew W. ; Dewoolkar, Mandar M. ( December 2017 , Water Resources Research)
4. Concentration-discharge relationships during an extreme event: Contrasting behavior of solutes and changes to chemical quality of dissolved organic material in the Boulder Creek Watershed during the September 2013 flood: SOLUTE FLUX IN A FLOOD EVENT

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5. Landscape heterogeneity drives contrasting concentration–discharge relationships in shale headwater catchments

   https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-3333-2015  

   Herndon, E. M. ; Dere, A. L. ; Sullivan, P. L. ; Norris, D. ; Reynolds, B. ; Brantley, S. L. ( January 2015 , Hydrology and Earth System Sciences)

   Abstract. Solute concentrations in stream water vary with discharge in patterns that record complex feedbacks between hydrologic and biogeochemical processes. In a comparison of three shale-underlain headwater catchments located in Pennsylvania, USA (the forested Shale Hills Critical Zone Observatory), and Wales, UK (the peatland-dominated Upper Hafren and forest-dominated Upper Hore catchments in the Plynlimon forest), dissimilar concentration–discharge (C–Q) behaviors are best explained by contrasting landscape distributions of soil solution chemistry – especially dissolved organic carbon (DOC) – that have been established by patterns of vegetation and soil organic matter (SOM). Specifically, elements that are concentrated in organic-rich soils due to biotic cycling (Mn, Ca, K) or that form strong complexes with DOC (Fe, Al) are spatially heterogeneous in pore waters because organic matter is heterogeneously distributed across the catchments. These solutes exhibit non-chemostatic behavior in the streams, and solute concentrations either decrease (Shale Hills) or increase (Plynlimon) with increasing discharge. In contrast, solutes that are concentrated in soil minerals and form only weak complexes with DOC (Na, Mg, Si) are spatially homogeneous in pore waters across each catchment. These solutes are chemostatic in that their stream concentrations vary little with stream discharge, likely because these solutes are released quickly frommore »exchange sites in the soils during rainfall events. Furthermore, concentration–discharge relationships of non-chemostatic solutes changed following tree harvest in the Upper Hore catchment in Plynlimon, while no changes were observed for chemostatic solutes, underscoring the role of vegetation in regulating the concentrations of certain elements in the stream. These results indicate that differences in the hydrologic connectivity of organic-rich soils to the stream drive differences in concentration behavior between catchments. As such, in catchments where SOM is dominantly in lowlands (e.g., Shale Hills), we infer that non-chemostatic elements associated with organic matter are released to the stream early during rainfall events, whereas in catchments where SOM is dominantly in uplands (e.g., Plynlimon), these non-chemostatic elements are released later during rainfall events. The distribution of SOM across the landscape is thus a key component for predictive models of solute transport in headwater catchments.

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