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1. Internet of Samples

   https://doi.org/10.1002/pra2.572  

   Richard, Stephen_M; Vieglais, Dave; Cui, Hong; Davies, Neil; Deck, John; Gan, Quan; Kansa, Eric_C; Kansa, Sarah_Whitcher; Kunze, John; Mandel, Danny; et al (October 2021, Proceedings of the Association for Information Science and Technology)

   Abstract Material samples are indispensable data sources in many natural science, social science, and humanity disciplines. More and more researchers recognize that samples collected in one discipline can be of great value for another. This has motivated organizations that manage a large number of samples to make their holdings accessible to the world. Currently, multiple projects are working to connect natural history and other samples managed by individual institutions or individuals into a universe of samples that follow FAIR principles. This poster reports the progress of the US NSF‐funded iSamples project, in the context of other efforts initiated by US DOE, DiSCCo, BCoN, and GBIF. By October 2021, we will also be able to present an iSamples prototype. We encourage individual organizations that hold material samples to get to know these projects and help shape these projects to realize the goal of a global linked sample cloud that connects all material samples and is accessible to all. 

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2. Internet-scale Insecurity of Consumer Internet of Things: An Empirical Measurements Perspective

   https://doi.org/10.1145/3394504  

   Mangino, Antonio; Pour, Morteza Safaei; Bou-Harb, Elias (December 2020, ACM Transactions on Management Information Systems)

   null (Ed.)

   The number of Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices actively communicating across the Internet is continually increasing, as these devices are deployed across a variety of sectors, constantly transferring private data across the Internet. Due to the extensive deployment of such devices, the continuous discovery and persistence of IoT-centric vulnerabilities in protocols, applications, hardware, and the improper management of such IoT devices has resulted in the rampant, uncontrolled spread of malware threatening consumer IoT devices. To this end, this work adopts a novel, macroscopic methodology for fingerprinting Internet-scale compromised IoT devices, revealing crucial cyber threat intelligence on the insecurity of consumer IoT devices. By developing data-driven techniques rooted in machine learning methods and analyzing 3.6 TB of network traffic data, we discover 855,916 compromised IP addresses, with 310,164 fingerprinted as IoT. Further analysis reveals China and Brazil to be hosting the most significant population of compromised IoT devices (100,000 and 55,000, respectively). Additionally, we provide a longitudinal analysis on data from one year ago against this work, revealing the evolving trends of IoT exploitation, such as the increased number of vendors targeted by malware, rising from 50 to 131. Moreover, countries such as China (420% increased infected IoT count) and Indonesia (177% increased infected IoT count) have seen notably high increases in infection rates. Last, we compare our geographic results against Global Cybersecurity Index (GCI) ratings, verifying that countries with high GCI ratings, such as the Netherlands and Germany, had relatively low infection rates. However, upon further inspection, we find that the GCI rate does not accurately represent the consumer IoT market, with countries such as China and Russia being rated with “high” CGI scores, yet hosting a large population of infected consumer IoT devices. 

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3. Sonifying Internet Security Threats

   https://doi.org/10.1145/2851581.2892363  

   Siami Namin, Akbar; Hewett, Rattikorn; Jones, Keith S.; Pogrund, Rona (January 2016, CHI EA '16: Proceedings of the 2016 CHI Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems)

   The Internet enables users to access vast resources, but it can also expose users to harmful cyber-attacks. It is imperative that users be informed about a security incident in a timely manner in order to make proper decisions. Visualization of security threats and warnings is one of the effective ways to inform users. However, visual cues are not always accessible to all users, and in particular, those with visual impairments. This late-breaking-work paper hypothesizes that the use of proper sounds in conjunction with visual cues can better represent security alerts to all users. Toward our research goal to validate this hypothesis, we first describe a methodology, referred to as sonification, to effectively design and develop auditory cyber-security threat indicators to warn users about cyber-attacks. Next, we present a case study, along with the results, of various types of usability testing conducted on a number of Internet users who are visually impaired. The presented concept can be viewed as a general framework for the creation and evaluation of human factor interactions with sounds in a cyber-space domain. The paper concludes with a discussion of future steps to enhance this work. 

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4. Internet measurements on EdgeNet

   Vermeulen, Kevin; Ljuma, Burim; Formaux, Olivier; Friedman, Timur; McGeer, Rick (April 2019, CNERT: COMPUTER AND NETWORKING EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH USING TESTBEDS)

   We describe the deployment of an Internet measurement experiment to three testbeds that offer Linux containers hosted at widely distributed vantage points: the well-established PlanetLab Central and PlanetLab Europe platforms, and the new EdgeNet platform. The experiment results were published in the proceedings of ACM IMC 2018. We compare the capabilities of each testbed and their effect on the ease of deployment of the experiment. Because the software for this experiment has several library dependencies and requires a recent compiler, it was easiest to deploy on EdgeNet, which is based on Docker and Kubernetes. This extended abstract is accompanied by a demonstration of the reproducible deployment of a measurement tool on EdgeNet. 

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5. Internet Censorship and Economic Impacts: A Case Study of Internet Outages in India

   Raveendran, N; Leberknight, C (January 2018, 24th AMCIS 2018 Proceedings)

   The objective of this research paper is to provide a methodology for measuring the financial impacts of Internet outages. The financial impacts are measured against a Nation’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) for several states in India to project the aftermath of Internet outage episodes. In addition historical trends are analyzed to help derive predictive logic for Internet outages in order to forecast Internet shutdown incidents based on antecedent events. Results demonstrate the proposed method for determining economic loss highlights several factors and may at times be influenced by the frequency of events compared to overall size of GDP. In addition, historical trend analysis of Internet outages suggests that a predictive model to forecast future outages can help reveal underlying policies toward Internet censorship. 

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