More Like this

1. Bay of Bengal salinity stratification and Indian summer monsoon intraseasonal oscillation: 2. Impact on SST and convection: SALINITY STRATIFICATION AND MISO 2

   https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JC012692  

   Li, Yuanlong; Han, Weiqing; Wang, Wanqiu; Ravichandran, M.; Lee, Tong; Shinoda, Toshiaki (May 2017, Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans)
2. Seasonal and Interannual Salinity Variability on the Northeast U.S. Continental Shelf: Insights From Satellite Sea Surface Salinity and Implications for Stratification

   https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JC021534  

   Ryan, Svenja; Ummenhofer, Caroline_C; Gawarkiewicz, Glen_G (November 2024, Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans)

   Abstract The Northeast U.S. continental shelf (NEUS) is a highly productive and economically important region that has undergone substantial changes in recent years. Warming exceeds the global average and several episodes of anomalously warm, sustained temperatures have had profound impacts on regional fisheries. A majority of recent research studies focused on the analysis of temperature; however, salinity can serve as a valuable tracer as well. With now more than a decade of remote‐sensing sea surface salinity data, we shed new light onto salinity variability in the region with focus on the Mid‐Atlantic Bight and assess its role for modulating stratification on the shelf using historical hydrographic data. Local river discharge drives decreasing salinities not only in spring and summer on the shelf but also in the Slope Sea. In spring, fresher water aids the build‐up of stratification and a low salinity surface layer extends to the shelf break above the pycnocline by the beginning of summer. An observed salinification in the fall is linked to offshore forcing over the slope associated with the presence of Warm Core Rings. Coherent low‐frequency salinity variability is found over the slope and shelf, highlighting that shelf conditions are significantly impacted by offshore variability. Conditions on the NEUS in 2015 were characterized by anomalously high salinities, associated with a northerly position of the Gulf Stream. A freshening between 2015 and 2021, is in agreement with increased river cumulative discharge as well as lower offshore salinities. Overall, salinity serves as a valuable additional tracer of these multi‐variate processes. 

   more » « less
3. The Balance of Salinity Variance in a Partially Stratified Estuary: Implications for Exchange Flow, Mixing, and Stratification

   https://doi.org/10.1175/JPO-D-18-0032.1  

   Wang, Tao; Geyer, W. Rockwell (December 2018, Journal of Physical Oceanography)
4. The Transformation of Salinity Variance: A New Approach to Quantifying the Influence of Straining and Mixing on Estuarine Stratification

   https://doi.org/10.1175/JPO-D-17-0189.1  

   Li, Xiangyu; Geyer, W. Rockwell; Zhu, Jianrong; Wu, Hui (March 2018, Journal of Physical Oceanography)
5. Early-Life Exposures and Social Stratification

   https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-soc-091523-023313  

   Torche, Florencia; Nobles, Jenna (August 2024, Annual Review of Sociology)

   Adverse environmental exposures—war and violence, natural disasters, escalating heat, worsening air quality—experienced in pregnancy are consequential for multiple domains of well-being over the life course, including health, cognitive development, schooling, and earnings. Though these environmental exposures become embodied via biological processes, they are fundamentally sociological phenomena: Their emergence, allocation, and impact are structured by institutions and power. As a result, consequential early-life environmental exposures are a critical part of the sociological understanding of social stratification, intergenerational mobility, and individual and cohort life course trajectories. We review theory and evidence on prenatal exposures, describe enduring methodological issues and potential solutions for elucidating these effects, and discuss the importance of this evidence for the stratification of opportunity and outcomes in contemporary societies. 

   more » « less