The current paradigm in peatland ecology is that the organic matter inputs from plant photosynthesis (e.g. moss litter) exceed that of decomposition, tipping the metabolic balance in favour of carbon (C) storage. Here, we investigated an alternative hypothesis, whereby exudates released by microalgae can actually accelerate C losses from the surface waters of northern peatlands by stimulating dissolved organic C ( When Specific ultraviolet absorbance at 254 nm (SUVA254), a proxy for aromatic content, was also significantly higher (i.e. more humic) in the mixture treatment than expected from SUVA254values in single substrate treatments. Accelerated decomposition in the presence of algal These results present an alternative energy pathway for heterotrophic consumers to breakdown organic matter in northern peatlands. Since decomposition in northern peatlands is often limited by the availability of labile organic matter, this mechanism could become increasingly important as a pathway for decomposition in the surface waters of northern peatlands where algae are expected to be more abundant in conditions associated with ongoing climate change.
Despite the large contribution of rangeland and pasture to global soil organic carbon (
- NSF-PAR ID:
- 10053638
- Publisher / Repository:
- Wiley-Blackwell
- Date Published:
- Journal Name:
- Global Change Biology
- Volume:
- 24
- Issue:
- 7
- ISSN:
- 1354-1013
- Page Range / eLocation ID:
- p. 2997-3009
- Format(s):
- Medium: X
- Sponsoring Org:
- National Science Foundation
More Like this
-
Abstract DOC ) decomposition in a warmer environment expected with climate change. To test this hypothesis, we evaluated the biodegradability of fenDOC in a factorial design with and without algalDOC in both ambient (15°C) and elevated (20°C) water temperatures during a laboratory bioassay.DOC sources were evaluated separately, decomposition rates were higher in treatments with algalDOC only than with fenDOC only, indicating that the quality of the organic matter influenced degradability. A mixture of substrates (½ algalDOC + ½ fenDOC ) exceeded the expected level of biodegradation (i.e. the average of the individual substrate responses) by as much as 10%, and the magnitude of this effect increased to more than 15% with warming.DOC was coupled with an increase in bacterial biomass, demonstrating that enhanced metabolism was associated with a more abundant microbial community. -
Abstract Temperature sensitivity of soil organic carbon (
SOC ) decomposition is one of the major uncertainties in predicting climate‐carbon (C) cycle feedback. Results from previous studies are highly contradictory with old soil C decomposition being more, similarly, or less sensitive to temperature than decomposition of young fractions. The contradictory results are partly from difficulties in distinguishing old from youngSOC and their changes over time in the experiments with or without isotopic techniques. In this study, we have conducted a long‐term field incubation experiment with deep soil collars (0–70 cm in depth, 10 cm in diameter ofPVC tubes) for excluding root C input to examine apparent temperature sensitivity ofSOC decomposition under ambient and warming treatments from 2002 to 2008. The data from the experiment were infused into a multi‐pool soil C model to estimate intrinsic temperature sensitivity ofSOC decomposition and C residence times of threeSOC fractions (i.e., active, slow, and passive) using a data assimilation (DA ) technique. As activeSOC with the short C residence time was progressively depleted in the deep soil collars under both ambient and warming treatments, the residences times of the wholeSOC became longer over time. Concomitantly, the estimated apparent and intrinsic temperature sensitivity ofSOC decomposition also became gradually higher over time as more than 50% of activeSOC was depleted. Thus, the temperature sensitivity of soil C decomposition in deep soil collars was positively correlated with the mean C residence times. However, the regression slope of the temperature sensitivity against the residence time was lower under the warming treatment than under ambient temperature, indicating that other processes also regulated temperature sensitivity ofSOC decomposition. These results indicate that oldSOC decomposition is more sensitive to temperature than young components, making the old C more vulnerable to future warmer climate. -
Abstract The terrestrial carbon (C) cycle has been commonly represented by a series of C balance equations to track C influxes into and effluxes out of individual pools in earth system models (
ESM s). This representation matches our understanding of C cycle processes well but makes it difficult to track model behaviors. It is also computationally expensive, limiting the ability to conduct comprehensive parametric sensitivity analyses. To overcome these challenges, we have developed a matrix approach, which reorganizes the C balance equations in the originalESM into one matrix equation without changing any modeled C cycle processes and mechanisms. We applied the matrix approach to the Community Land Model (CLM 4.5) with vertically‐resolved biogeochemistry. The matrix equation exactly reproduces litter and soil organic carbon (SOC ) dynamics of the standardCLM 4.5 across different spatial‐temporal scales. The matrix approach enables effective diagnosis of system properties such as C residence time and attribution of global change impacts to relevant processes. We illustrated, for example, the impacts ofCO 2fertilization on litter andSOC dynamics can be easily decomposed into the relative contributions from C input, allocation of external C into different C pools, nitrogen regulation, altered soil environmental conditions, and vertical mixing along the soil profile. In addition, the matrix tool can accelerate model spin‐up, permit thorough parametric sensitivity tests, enable pool‐based data assimilation, and facilitate tracking and benchmarking of model behaviors. Overall, the matrix approach can make a broad range of future modeling activities more efficient and effective. -
Abstract Understanding land use/land cover (LULC) effects on tropical soil infiltration is crucial for maximizing watershed scale hydro‐ecosystem services and informing land managers. This paper reports results from a multiyear investigation of LULC effects on soil bulk infiltration in steep, humid tropical, and lowland catchments. A rainfall simulator applied water at measured rates on 2 × 6 m plots producing infiltration through structured, granulated, and macroporous Ferralsols in Panama's central lowlands. Time‐lapse electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) helped to visualize infiltration depth and bulk velocity. A space‐for‐time substitution methodology allowed a land‐use history investigation by considering the following: (a) a continuously heavy‐grazed cattle pasture, (b) a rotationally grazed traditional cattle pasture, (c) a 4‐year‐old (y.o.) silvopastoral system with nonnative improved pasture grasses and managed intensive rotational grazing, (d) a 7 y.o. teak (
) plantation, (e) an approximately 10 y.o. secondary succession forest, (f) a 12 y.o. coffee plantationTectona grandis ( ), (g) an approximately 30 y.o. secondary succession forest, and (h) a >100 y.o. secondary succession forest. Within a land cover, unique plot sites totalled two at (a), (c), (d), (e), and (g); three at (b); and one at (f) and (h). Our observations confirmed measured infiltration scale dependency by comparing our 12 m2plot‐scale measurements against 8.9 cm diameter core‐scale measurements collected by others from nearby sites. Preferential flow pathways (PFPs) significantly increased soil infiltration capacity, particularly in forests greater than or equal to 10 y.o. Time‐lapse ERT observations revealed shallower rapid bulk infiltration and increased rapid lateral subsurface flow in pasture land covers when compared with forest land covers and highlighted how much subsurface flow pathways can vary within the Ferralsol soil class. Results suggest that LULC effects on PFPs are the dominant mechanism by which LULC affects throughfall partitioning, runoff generation, and flow pathways.Coffea canephora -
Summary Dissolved organic matter (
DOM ) is increasing in many lakes due to climate change and other environmental forcing. A 21‐day microcosm experiment that manipulated terrestrialDOM was used to determine the effect ofDOM on zooplankton:phytoplankton biomass ratios (z:p). We predicted that ifDOM additions increase the amount of fixed carbon available for higher trophic levels through stimulation of the microbial loop and hence zooplankton, the z:p will increase. However, ifDOM additions increase other nutrients besides fixed carbon, we predict stable or decreasing z:p due to nutrient stimulation of phytoplankton that subsequently enhances zooplankton.The effects of experimental additions of terrestrially derived
DOM on zooplankton, phytoplankton, z:p and zooplankton net grazing were assessed in microcosms (sealed bags) incubated in the epilimnion (shallow; 1.5 m) and hypolimnion (deep; 8.0 m) strata of an alpine lake.DOM addition treatments (DOM+) had a 6.0‐ to 7.5‐fold increase in phytoplankton biomass relative to controls, but only a 1.3‐ to 1.5‐fold increase in zooplankton biomass, on day 21 of the experiment. The z:p was, thus, lower in theDOM + treatments (ratios: 2.3 deep and 4.4 shallow) than in the control treatments (ratios: 13.4 deep and 17.5 shallow), providing evidence thatDOM additions provide nutrient subsidies besides fixed carbon that stimulate phytoplankton biomass accumulation.The increase in zooplankton biomass during the experiment was similar in magnitude to the total amount of dissolved organic carbon (
DOC ) in theDOM added in the sealed bags at the beginning of the experiment, which suggests zooplankton biomass stimulation due to increased phytoplankton biomass, and not fromDOM through the microbial loop, which would have greater trophic transfer losses. The consumer net grazing effect in theDOM + treatments was reduced by 2.8‐fold in the shallow stratum and by 2.9‐fold in the deep stratum relative to the control treatments, indicating that zooplankton were unable to exert strong top–down control on the primary producers.The role of nutrients needs to be considered when examining the response of pelagic ecosystems to inputs of terrestrial
DOM , especially in lakes with lowerDOC concentrations.