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1. Colour in AR and VR

   Murdoch, Michael J (October 2023, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd)

   Green, Phil (Ed.)

   Head‐mounted virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) systems deliver colour imagery directly to a user's eyes, presenting position‐aware, real‐time computer graphics to create the illusion of interacting with a virtual world. In some respects, colour in AR and VR can be modelled and controlled much like colour in other display technologies. However, it is complicated by the optics required for near‐eye display, and in the case of AR, by the merging of real‐world and virtual visual stimuli. Methods have been developed to provide predictable colour in VR, and ongoing research has exposed details of the visual perception of real and virtual in AR. Yet, more work is required to make colour appearance predictable and AR and VR display systems more robust. 

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2. Tar AR: Using AR to Enhance Science Enjoyment and Informal Science Learning, (Poster)

   Herrick, I.R.; Sinatra, G.M.; Kennedy, A.; Nye, B.D.; Swartout, W.R.; & Lindsey, E. (January 2020, 2020 APA Annual Meeting)

   Science museums aim to engage a large, diverse public audience in science learning and consequently, attempt to present information in entertaining, socially oriented, and innovative ways. Recent work using augmented reality (defined as technology that overlays virtual objects on to the real world) engages the public using content that is both situated in the context of the exhibit and virtually generated in a way that allows hidden worlds to become visible. However, little is known about how AR technology can facilitate museum visitors science learning. The Tar AR project, a sustained collaborative partnership funded by NSF AISL with La Brea Tar Pits/Natural History Museum of Los Angeles and a local university, explores how an AR experience can: promote visitor enjoyment, enjoyment, increase understanding of scientific topics, and promote user s feelings of ease with AR technology. 

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3. Covalent Destabilizing Degrader of AR and AR-V7 in Androgen-Independent Prostate Cancer Cells

   https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.12.637117  

   Zammit, Charlotte M; Nadel, Cory M; Lin, Ying; Koirala, Sajjan; Potts, Patrick Ryan; Nomura, Daniel K (February 2025, bioRxiv)

   Abstract Androgen-independent prostate cancers, correlated with heightened aggressiveness and poor prognosis, are caused by mutations or deletions in the androgen receptor (AR) or expression of truncated variants of AR that are constitutively activated. Currently, drugs and drug candidates against AR target the steroid-binding domain to antagonize or degrade AR. However, these compounds cannot therapeutically access largely intrinsically disordered truncated splice variants of AR, such as AR-V7, that only possess the DNA binding domain and are missing the ligand binding domain. Targeting intrinsically disordered regions within transcription factors has remained challenging and is considered “undruggable”. Herein, we leveraged a cysteine-reactive covalent ligand library in a cellular screen to identify degraders of AR and AR-V7 in androgen-independent prostate cancer cells. We identified a covalent compound EN1441 that selectively degrades AR and AR-V7 in a proteasome-dependent manner through direct covalent targeting of an intrinsically disordered cysteine C125 in AR and AR-V7. EN1441 causes significant and selective destabilization of AR and AR-V7, leading to aggregation of AR/AR-V7 and subsequent proteasome-mediated degradation. Consistent with targeting both AR and AR-V7, we find that EN1441 completely inhibits total AR transcriptional activity in androgen-independent prostate cancer cells expressing both AR and AR-V7 compared to AR antagonists or degraders that only target the ligand binding domain of full-length AR, such as enzalutamide and ARV-110. Our results put forth a pathfinder molecule EN1441 that targets an intrinsically disordered cysteine within AR to destabilize, degrade, and inhibit both AR and AR-V7 in androgen-independent prostate cancer cells and highlights the utility of covalent ligand discovery approaches in directly targeting, destabilizing, inhibiting, and degrading classically undruggable transcription factor targets. 

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4. Toward Scalable and Controllable AR Experimentation

   https://doi.org/10.1145/3615452.3617941  

   Ganj, Ashkan; Zhao, Yiqin; Galbiati, Federico; Guo, Tian (October 2023, ACM)
5. E–H transitions in Ar/O2 and Ar/Cl2 inductively coupled plasmas: Antenna geometry and operating conditions

   https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0146168  

   Piskin, Tugba; Qian, Yuchen; Pribyl, Patrick; Gekelman, Walter; Kushner, Mark J. (May 2023, Journal of Applied Physics)

   Electronegative inductively coupled plasmas (ICPs) are used for conductor etching in the microelectronics industry for semiconductor fabrication. Pulsing of the antenna power and bias voltages provides additional control for optimizing plasma–surface interactions. However, pulsed ICPs are susceptible to capacitive-to-inductive mode transitions at the onset of the power pulse due to there being low electron densities at the end of the prior afterglow. The capacitive (E) to inductive (H) mode transition is sensitive to the spatial configuration of the plasma at the end of the prior afterglow, circuit (matchbox) settings, operating conditions, and reactor configurations, including antenna geometry. In this paper, we discuss results from a computational investigation of E–H transitions in pulsed ICPs sustained in Ar/Cl2 and Ar/O2 gas mixtures while varying operating conditions, including gas mixture, pulse repetition frequency, duty cycle of the power pulse, and antenna geometry. Pulsed ICPs sustained in Ar/Cl2 mixtures are prone to significant E–H transitions due to thermal dissociative attachment reactions with Cl2 during the afterglow which reduce pre-pulse electron densities. These abrupt E–H transitions launch electrostatic waves from the formation of a sheath at the boundaries of the plasma and under the antenna in particular. The smoother E–H transitions observed for Ar/O2 mixture results from the higher electron density at the start of the power pulse due to the lack of thermal electron attaching reactions to O2. Ion energy and angular distributions (IEADs) incident onto the wafer and the dielectric window under the antenna are discussed. The shape of the antenna influences the severity of the E–H transition and the IEADs, with antennas having larger surface areas facing the plasma producing larger capacitive coupling. Validation of the model is performed by comparison of computed electron densities with experimental measurements. 

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