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1. Bayesian optimization of nanophotonic electromagnetic shielding with very high visible transparency

   https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.468843  

   Li, Mingxuan ; McCourt, Michael_J ; Galante, Anthony_J ; Leu, Paul_W ( August 2022 , Optics Express)

   Transparent electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding is needed in many optoelectronic applications to protect electronic devices from surrounding radiation while allowing for high visible light transmission. However, very high transmission (over 92.5%), high EMI shielding efficiency (over 30 dB) structures have yet to be achieved in the literature. Bayesian optimization is used to optimize different nanophotonic structures for high EMI shielding efficiency (SE) and high visible light transmission (${\stackrel{¯<\#comment/>}{T}}_{vis}$). Below 90% average visible light transmission, sandwich structures consisting of high index dielectric/silver/high index dielectric films are determined to be optimal, where they are able to achieve 43.1 dB SE and 90.0%${\stackrel{¯<\#comment/>}{T}}_{vis}$. The high index of refraction dielectric layers reduce absorption losses in the silver and can be engineered to provide for antireflection through destructive interference. However, for optimal EMI shielding with${\stackrel{¯<\#comment/>}{T}}_{vis}$above 90%, the reflection losses at the air/dielectric interfaces need to be further reduced. Optimized double sided nanocone sandwich structures are determined to be best where they can achieve 41.2 dB SE and 90.8%${\stackrel{¯<\#comment/>}{T}}_{vis}$as well as 35.6 dB SE and 95.1%${\stackrel{¯<\#comment/>}{T}}_{vis}$. K-means clustering is utilized to show the performance of characteristic near-Pareto optimal structures. Double sided nanocone structures are shown to exhibit omnidirectional visible transmission withSE = 35.6 dB and over 85%${\stackrel{¯<\#comment/>}{T}}_{vis}$at incidence angles of 70${}^{\circ <\#comment/>}$.

    

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2. A Six Year, Low-resolution, Multibroadband Transit Photometry Study of HD 189733b

   https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/ac9d37  

   Gardner-Watkins, Cristilyn N. ; Kobulnicky, Henry A. ; Jang-Condell, Hannah ; Kasper, David H. ; Parker, Brock A. ; Bucci, Ted ; Cook, Evan M. ; Doublestein, Kaitlin A. ; Freels, Cade ; Galloway, Dax G. T. ; et al ( December 2022 , The Astronomical Journal)

   Transmission spectroscopy offers an invaluable opportunity to characterize the atmospheres of exoplanets. We present new ground-based optical transmission spectra of the hot Jupiter HD 189733b, derived from nine transits observed over a six year time span (2016–2021) using near-simultaneous$u\prime g\prime r\prime i\prime$broadband observations. We achieve an average (best) precision of 435 (280) ppm by implementing an optical diffuser on the prime focus spectrograph from the 2.3 m Wyoming Infrared Observatory telescope. The data provide new measurements of the apparent planetary radius with respect to the stellar radius, the spectral index of atmospheric opacity, and the time variability of the two quantities. Our results indicate an enhanced spectral slope in the optical regime ≈2.4 times steeper than would be expected from canonical Rayleigh scattering and that is consistent with earlier measurements of a super-Rayleigh slope (SRS). While the effect of stellar activity on the transmission spectrum complicates the measurement of the spectral slope, our multiepoch data set over six years can measure and average over stellar variations, yielding a mean spectral index of −9.9 ± 4.4. The 1200 K equilibrium temperature of HD 189733b places it in a sweet spot for the formation of SRSs and is consistent with vigorously mixing hazes in the atmosphere. Additionally, we find variations in the depth of the lightcurve during two of the transits, explainable as an increase in occulted star spots during June 2021. Although the star is active, the mean level of stellar activity does not seem to vary dramatically over our six years of observations, leading us to conclude that the variability in stellar activity is modest at most.

    

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3. Exploiting Magnetic Field Analysis to Characterize MI Wireless Communications in Subsea Environments

   https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCNC.2018.8390295  

   Wei, Debing ; Yan, Li ; Li, Xuanheng ; Sun, Yi ; Yuan, Dongfeng ; Chen, Jiefu ; Pan, Miao ( March 2018 , 2018 International Conference on Computing, Networking and Communications (ICNC))

   In this paper, we investigate the maximum transmission range and power efficiency of Magnetic Induction (MI) subsea wireless communication systems. We propose a new MI channel model based on maximum resonance voltage analysis. We prove that our channel model can maximize the system signal to noise ratio (SNR). Hence, the maximum transmission range of a MI wireless communication system can be determined accordingly. Furthermore, we quantify the eddy current loss of the MI coil antenna in seawater environments. The power consumption of a subsea MI wireless communication system is obtained by summing up the eddy current loss and ohmic loss. Finally, the relationship between the maximum transmission range and power consumption of a subsea MI wireless communication system is determined. 

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4. How market integration impacts human disease ecology

   https://doi.org/10.1093/emph/eoae026  

   Kolinski, Lev ; Barrett, Tyler_M ; Kramer, Randall_A ; Nunn, Charles_L ( September 2024 , Evolution, Medicine, and Public Health)

   Market integration (MI), or the shift from subsistence to market-based livelihoods, profoundly influences health, yet its impacts on infectious diseases remain underexplored. Here, we synthesize the current understanding of MI and infectious disease to stimulate more research, specifically aiming to leverage concepts and tools from disease ecology and related fields to generate testable hypotheses. Embracing a One Health perspective, we examine both human-to-human and zoonotic transmission pathways in their environmental contexts to assess how MI alters infectious disease exposure and susceptibility in beneficial, detrimental and mixed ways. For human-to-human transmission, we consider how markets expand contact networks in ways that facilitate infectious disease transmission while also increasing access to hygiene products and housing materials that likely reduce infections. For zoonotic transmission, MI influences exposures to pathogens through agricultural intensification and other market-driven processes that may increase or decrease human encounters with disease reservoirs or vectors in their shared environments. We also consider how MI-driven changes in noncommunicable diseases affect immunocompetence and susceptibility to infectious disease. Throughout, we identify statistical, survey and laboratory methods from ecology and the social sciences that will advance interdisciplinary research on MI and infectious disease.

    

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5. Surface and subsurface hydro-geophysical measurements, Midtre Lovenbreen glacier forefield, Svalbard. Aug 2021 - Oct 2022

   https://doi.org/10.18739/A2PC2TB0B  

   Liljestrand, Dane ; Oroza, Carlos ; Jarzin Jr., Michael ; Byington, Justin ; Puc, Zuzana ; Irons, Trevor ; Cimposiasu, Mihai ; Harrison, Harry ( January 2023 , NSF Arctic Data Center)

   Surface and subsurface hydrogeochemical measurements collected from three sites in the Midtre Lovenbreen (ML) glacier forefield (Svalbard), from 31 Jul 20211 - 05 Oct 2022. Measurements consist of soil volumetric water content (meter^3/meter^3), soil temperature in Celsius (deg C), soil electric conductivity in microsiemens per centimeter (uS/cm), soil dielectric permittivity (m^3/m^3) at multiple sensor depths, surface snow depth in millimeters (mm), and near-surface air temperature at 2m (deg C). Subsurface time domain reflectometry (TDR) measurements are repeated for 24 sensors at sites 1 and 2, with four boreholes of six sensors each, with the following convention: sensorOne is the uppermost sensor in borehole 1, sensorSix is the lowermost sensor in borehole 1, sensorSeven is the uppermost sensor in borehole 2, sensorTwelve is the lowermost sensor in borehole 2. Site 3 has only 1 borehole with six sensors.Installation depths for the sensors can be found in the borehole notes file. Snow depth sensor measurements contain error from damaged sensors and are unreliable. 

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