Internalizing (e.g., anxiety, depression) and disordered eating (DE; e.g., binge eating, dietary restraint) are highly comorbid, but the mechanisms underlying their comorbidity remain unknown. This was the first twin study to examine whether their co-occurrence may be driven by genetic and/or environmental influences on emotion regulation (ER; ability to modulate duration/intensity of emotions). Analyses included 688 adult female twins from the Michigan State University Twin Registry. Cholesky decomposition twin models showed that comorbidity between dimensionally modeled internalizing and DE was due to overlapping genetic ( r = .55; 69.3% of shared variance) and nonshared environmental influences ( r = .26; 30.7% of shared variance). When ER was added into the model, all genetic influences shared between internalizing and DE were attributable to ER, suggesting genetic influences on ER are the primary driver of comorbidity between internalizing and DE. Shared genes may shape affective processing, interoceptive sensitivity, or other brain-based processes (e.g., cognitive control) implicated in ER.
- NSF-PAR ID:
- 10092339
- Date Published:
- Journal Name:
- CHI EA '18 Extended Abstracts of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
- Page Range / eLocation ID:
- 1 to 6
- Format(s):
- Medium: X
- Sponsoring Org:
- National Science Foundation
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Abstract Background While negative affect (NA) typically increases risk for binge eating, the ultimate impact of NA may depend on a person's ability to regulate their emotions. In this daily, longitudinal study, we examined whether emotion regulation (ER) modified the strength of NA‐dysregulated eating associations.
Methods Women (
N = 311) from the Michigan State University Twin Registry first reported dimensional binge eating symptoms and broad ER difficulties (e.g., limited emotional awareness, difficulty controlling emotional impulses). Participants then rated use of adaptive (cognitive reappraisal, social sharing, situation modification, and acceptance) and maladaptive (rumination, expressive suppression, and self‐criticism) ER strategies, emotional eating (EE), objective binge eating (OBE), and NA once daily for 49 consecutive days.Results There were several main effects of ER on binge‐eating pathology in both between‐person (i.e., comparing women who differed on average) and within‐person (i.e., examining fluctuations in variables day‐to‐day) analyses. Between‐person, greater broad ER difficulties, greater maladaptive strategy use, and lower adaptive strategy use were all associated with greater binge‐eating pathology. Within‐person, greater maladaptive strategy use was associated with greater odds of OBE on that day and on the following day. However, neither broad ER difficulties nor use of specific strategies moderated associations between NA and dysregulated eating in between‐ or within‐person analyses.
Conclusions While ER is independently associated with risk for dysregulated eating, it may not fully mitigate the impact of NA. Additional strategies (e.g., decreasing environmental stressors and increasing social support) may be needed to minimize NA and its impact on dysregulated eating.
Public Significance Negative affect (NA; e.g., sadness, guilt) increases dysregulated eating risk. Because NA is sometimes unavoidable, we examined whether emotion regulation (ER; i.e., how a person responds to their emotions) might impact whether NA leads to dysregulated eating. Although more effective ER was associated with less dysregulated eating overall, ER did not impact the association between NA and dysregulated eating. Other approaches may therefore be needed to mitigate NA‐dysregulated eating associations.
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Abstract Goals are widely understood to be central to the initiation, maintenance, and cessation of emotion regulation (ER). Recent studies have shown that there are profound individual differences in the types of ER goals people pursue and the extent to which they pursue them. Here, we highlight the importance of taking an individual difference approach to studying ER goals. First, we use the extended process model of ER to provide conceptual clarity on what ER goals are and describe the crucial role of goals in each stage of ER. We then identify five promising directions for future research using an individual difference approach to ER goals.
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Trial by trial EEG based BCI for distress versus non distress classification in individuals with ASDnull (Ed.)Abstract Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that is often accompanied by impaired emotion regulation (ER). There has been increasing emphasis on developing evidence-based approaches to improve ER in ASD. Electroencephalography (EEG) has shown success in reducing ASD symptoms when used in neurofeedback-based interventions. Also, certain EEG components are associated with ER. Our overarching goal is to develop a technology that will use EEG to monitor real-time changes in ER and perform intervention based on these changes. As a first step, an EEG-based brain computer interface that is based on an Affective Posner task was developed to identify patterns associated with ER on a single trial basis, and EEG data collected from 21 individuals with ASD. Accordingly, our aim in this study is to investigate EEG features that could differentiate between distress and non-distress conditions. Specifically, we investigate if the EEG time-locked to the visual feedback presentation could be used to classify between WIN (non-distress) and LOSE (distress) conditions in a game with deception. Results showed that the extracted EEG features could differentiate between WIN and LOSE conditions (average accuracy of 81%), LOSE and rest-EEG conditions (average accuracy 94.8%), and WIN and rest-EEG conditions (average accuracy 94.9%).more » « less
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Background Dysregulation of the corticotropin‐releasing factor (
CRF ) system has been observed in rodent models of binge drinking, with a large focus onCRF receptor 1 (CRF ‐R1). The role ofCRF ‐binding protein (CRF ‐BP ), a key regulator ofCRF activity, in binge drinking is less well understood. In humans, single‐nucleotide polymorphisms inCRHBP CRF ‐BP in vulnerability to alcohol addiction.Methods The role and regulation of
CRF ‐BP in binge drinking were examined in mice exposed to the drinking in the dark (DID ) paradigm. Using in situ hybridization, the regulation ofCRF ‐BP ,CRF ‐R1, andCRF mRNA expression was determined in the stress and reward systems of C57BL /6J mice after repeated cycles ofDID . To determine the functional role ofCRF ‐BP in binge drinking,CRF ‐BP knockout (CRF ‐BP KO ) mice were exposed to 6 cycles ofDID , during which alcohol consumption was measured and compared to wild‐type mice.Results CRF ‐BP mRNA expression was significantly decreased in the prelimbic (PL ) and infralimbic medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC ) of C57BL /6J mice after 3 cycles and in thePL mPFC after 6 cycles ofDID . No significant changes inCRF orCRF ‐R1 mRNA levels were observed in mPFC , ventral tegmental area, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, or amygdala after 3 cycles ofDID .CRF ‐BP KO mice do not show significant alterations in drinking compared to wild‐type mice across 6 cycles of DID.Conclusions These results reveal that repeated cycles of binge drinking alter
CRF ‐BP mRNA expression in the mPFC , a region responsible for executive function and regulation of emotion and behavior, including responses to stress. We observed a persistent decrease inCRF ‐BP mRNA expression in the mPFC after 3 and 6DID cycles, which may allow for increasedCRF signaling atCRF ‐R1 and contribute to excessive binge‐like ethanol consumption.
- Free Publicly Accessible Full Text
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Accepted Manuscript1.0
- Conference Paper:
- https://doi.org/10.1145/3170427.3188495
