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   https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers11121836  

   Harris, Jenna C. ; Scully, Mackenzie A. ; Day, Emily S. ( December 2019 , Cancers)

   Cancer is a global health problem in need of transformative treatment solutions for improved patient outcomes. Many conventional treatments prove ineffective and produce undesirable side effects because they are incapable of targeting only cancer cells within tumors and metastases post administration. There is a desperate need for targeted therapies that can maximize treatment success and minimize toxicity. Nanoparticles (NPs) with tunable physicochemical properties have potential to meet the need for high precision cancer therapies. At the forefront of nanomedicine is biomimetic nanotechnology, which hides NPs from the immune system and provides superior targeting capabilities by cloaking NPs in cell-derived membranes. Cancer cell membranes expressing “markers of self” and “self-recognition molecules” can be removed from cancer cells and wrapped around a variety of NPs, providing homotypic targeting and circumventing the challenge of synthetically replicating natural cell surfaces. Compared to unwrapped NPs, cancer cell membrane-wrapped NPs (CCNPs) provide reduced accumulation in healthy tissues and higher accumulation in tumors and metastases. The unique biointerfacing capabilities of CCNPs enable their use as targeted nanovehicles for enhanced drug delivery, localized phototherapy, intensified imaging, or more potent immunotherapy. This review summarizes the state-of-the-art in CCNP technology and provides insight to the path forward for clinical implementation. 

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2. Discovery of primary prostate cancer biomarkers using cross cancer learning

   https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-89789-x  

   Zhou, K ; Arslanturk, S ; Craig, D. B ; Heath, E ; Draghici, S ( May 2021 , Scientific reports)

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3. Elucidating the correlations between cancer initiation times and lifetime cancer risks

   https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-55300-w  

   Teimouri, Hamid ; Kochugaeva, Maria P. ; Kolomeisky, Anatoly B. ( December 2019 , Scientific Reports)

   Cancer is a genetic disease that results from accumulation of unfavorable mutations. As soon as genetic and epigenetic modifications associated with these mutations become strong enough, the uncontrolled tumor cell growth is initiated, eventually spreading through healthy tissues. Clarifying the dynamics of cancer initiation is thus critically important for understanding the molecular mechanisms of tumorigenesis. Here we present a new theoretical method to evaluate the dynamic processes associated with the cancer initiation. It is based on a discrete-state stochastic description of the formation of tumors as a fixation of cancerous mutations in tissues. Using a first-passage analysis the probabilities for the cancer to appear and the times before it happens, which are viewed as fixation probabilities and fixation times, respectively, are explicitly calculated. It is predicted that the slowest cancer initiation dynamics is observed for neutral mutations, while it is fast for both advantageous and, surprisingly, disadvantageous mutations. The method is applied for estimating the cancer initiation times from experimentally available lifetime cancer risks for different types of cancer. It is found that the higher probability of the cancer to occur does not necessary lead to the faster times of starting the cancer. Our theoretical analysis helps to clarify microscopic aspects of cancer initiation processes.

    

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4. Deep Learning to Discover Cancer Glycome Genes Signifying the Origins of Cancer

   https://doi.org/10.1109/BIBM49941.2020.9313450  

   Al Mamun, Abdullah ; Sobhan, Masrur ; Tanvir, Raihanul Bari ; Dimitroff, Charles J. ; Mondal, Ananda M. ( December 2020 , 2020 IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine (BIBM))

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5. Cancer systems epidemiology: Overcoming misconceptions and integrating systems approaches into cancer research

   https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1004027  

   Mabry, Patricia L. ; Pronk, Nicolaas P. ; Amos, Christopher I. ; Witte, John S. ; Wedlock, Patrick T. ; Bartsch, Sarah M. ; Lee, Bruce Y. ( June 2022 , PLOS Medicine)