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1. Extension Theory for Braided-Enriched Fusion Categories

   https://doi.org/10.1093/imrn/rnab133  

   Jones, Corey; Morrison, Scott; Penneys, David; Plavnik, Julia (July 2021, International Mathematics Research Notices)

   null (Ed.)

   Abstract For a braided fusion category $$\mathcal{V}$$, a $$\mathcal{V}$$-fusion category is a fusion category $$\mathcal{C}$$ equipped with a braided monoidal functor $$\mathcal{F}:\mathcal{V} \to Z(\mathcal{C})$$. Given a fixed $$\mathcal{V}$$-fusion category $$(\mathcal{C}, \mathcal{F})$$ and a fixed $$G$$-graded extension $$\mathcal{C}\subseteq \mathcal{D}$$ as an ordinary fusion category, we characterize the enrichments $$\widetilde{\mathcal{F}}:\mathcal{V} \to Z(\mathcal{D})$$ of $$\mathcal{D}$$ that are compatible with the enrichment of $$\mathcal{C}$$. We show that G-crossed extensions of a braided fusion category $$\mathcal{C}$$ are G-extensions of the canonical enrichment of $$\mathcal{C}$$ over itself. As an application, we parameterize the set of $$G$$-crossed braidings on a fixed $$G$$-graded fusion category in terms of certain subcategories of its center, extending Nikshych’s classification of the braidings on a fusion category. 

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2. An Information-Theoretic Characterization of Morphological Fusion

   https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2021.emnlp-main.793  

   Rathi, Neil; Hahn, Michael; Futrell, Richard (January 2021, An Information-Theoretic Characterization of Morphological Fusion)

   Linguistic typology generally divides synthetic languages into groups based on their morphological fusion. However, this measure has long been thought to be best considered a matter of degree. We present an information-theoretic measure, called informational fusion, to quantify the degree of fusion of a given set of morphological features in a surface form, which naturally provides such a graded scale. Informational fusion is able to encapsulate not only concatenative, but also nonconcatenative morphological systems (e.g. Arabic), abstracting away from any notions of morpheme segmentation. We then show, on a sample of twenty-one languages, that our measure recapitulates the usual linguistic classifications for concatenative systems, and provides new measures for nonconcatenative ones. We also evaluate the long-standing hypotheses that more frequent forms are more fusional, and that paradigm size anticorrelates with degree of fusion. We do not find evidence for the idea that languages have characteristic levels of fusion; rather, the degree of fusion varies across part-of-speech within languages. 

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3. Mitochondria- and ER-associated actin are required for mitochondrial fusion

   https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.06.13.544768  

   Gatti, Priya; Schiavon, Cara; Cicero, Julien; Manor, Uri; Germain, Marc (June 2023, bioRxiv)

   Abstract Mitochondria play a crucial role in the regulation of cellular metabolism and signalling. Mitochondrial activity is modulated by the processes of mitochondrial fission and fusion, which are required to properly balance respiratory and metabolic functions, transfer material between mitochondria, and remove defective mitochondria. Mitochondrial fission occurs at sites of contact between the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria, and is dependent on the formation of actin filaments that drive mitochondrial constriction and the recruitment and activation of the dynamin-related GTPase fission protein DRP1. The requirement for mitochondria- and ER-associated actin filaments in mitochondrial fission remains unclear, and the role of actin in mitochondrial fusion remains entirely unexplored. Here we show that preventing the formation of actin filaments on either mitochondria or the ER disrupts both mitochondrial fission and fusion. We show that fusion but not fission is dependent on Arp2/3, whereas both fission and fusion are dependent on INF2 formin-dependent actin polymerization. We also show that mitochondria-associated actin marks fusion sites prior to the dynamin family GTPase fusion protein MFN2. Together, our work introduces a novel method for perturbing organelle-associated actin filaments, and demonstrates a previously unknown role for actin in mitochondrial fusion. 

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4. Wind Farm Prediction of Icing Based on SCADA Data

   https://doi.org/10.3390/en17184629  

   Zhang, Yujie; Rotea, Mario; Kehtarnavaz, Nasser (September 2024, Energies)

   In cold climates, ice formation on wind turbines causes power reduction produced by a wind farm. This paper introduces a framework to predict icing at the farm level based on our recently developed Temporal Convolutional Network prediction model for a single turbine using SCADA data.First, a cross-validation study is carried out to evaluate the extent predictors trained on a single turbine of a wind farm can be used to predict icing on the other turbines of a wind farm. This fusion approach combines multiple turbines, thereby providing predictions at the wind farm level. This study shows that such a fusion approach improves prediction accuracy and decreases fluctuations across different prediction horizons when compared with single-turbine prediction. Two approaches are considered to conduct farm-level icing prediction: decision fusion and feature fusion. In decision fusion, icing prediction decisions from individual turbines are combined in a majority voting manner. In feature fusion, features of individual turbines are averaged first before conducting prediction. The results obtained indicate that both the decision fusion and feature fusion approaches generate farm-level icing prediction accuracies that are 7% higher with lower standard deviations or fluctuations across different prediction horizons when compared with predictions for a single turbine. 

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5. Gene fusion as an important mechanism to generate new genes in the genus Oryza

   https://doi.org/10.1186/s13059-022-02696-w  

   Zhou, Yanli; Zhang, Chengjun; Zhang, Li; Ye, Qiannan; Liu, Ningyawen; Wang, Muhua; Long, Guangqiang; Fan, Wei; Long, Manyuan; Wing, Rod A. (December 2022, Genome Biology)

   Abstract Background Events of gene fusion have been reported in several organisms. However, the general role of gene fusion as part of new gene origination remains unknown. Results We conduct genome-wide interrogations of four Oryza genomes by designing and implementing novel pipelines to detect fusion genes. Based on the phylogeny of ten plant species, we detect 310 fusion genes across four Oryza species. The estimated rate of origination of fusion genes in the Oryza genus is as high as 63 fusion genes per species per million years, which is fixed at 16 fusion genes per species per million years and much higher than that in flies. By RNA sequencing analysis, we find more than 44% of the fusion genes are expressed and 90% of gene pairs show strong signals of purifying selection. Further analysis of CRISPR/Cas9 knockout lines indicates that newly formed fusion genes regulate phenotype traits including seed germination, shoot length and root length, suggesting the functional significance of these genes. Conclusions We detect new fusion genes that may drive phenotype evolution in Oryza. This study provides novel insights into the genome evolution of Oryza. 

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