Investigation of amorphous germanium contact properties with planar detectors made from USD-grown germanium crystals
                        
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            Abstract The 1 : 2 reaction of the imidazole‐based dithiolate (2) with GeCl2 • dioxane in THF/TMEDA gives3, a TMEDA‐complexed dithiolene‐based germylene. Compound3is converted to monothiolate‐complexed (5) and N‐heterocyclic carbene‐complexed (7) germanium(II) dithiolene complexes via Lewis base ligand exchange. A bis‐dithiolene‐based germylene (8), involving a 3c–4e S‐Ge‐S bond, has also been synthesized through controlled hydrolysis of7. The bonding nature of3,5, and8was investigated by both experimental and theoretical methods.more » « less
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            Freeform optics can reduce the cost, weight, and size of advanced imaging systems, but it is challenging to manufacture the complex rotationally asymmetric surfaces to optical tolerances. To address the need for disruptive, high-precision sub-aperture forming and finishing techniques for freeform optics, we investigate an alternative, non-contact polishing methodology using femtosecond lasers, combining modeling, experiments, and demonstrations. Femtosecondlaser- based polishing of germanium was investigated using an experimentally-validated twotemperature model of laser/germanium interaction to guide the understanding and selection of laser parameters to achieve near-nonthermal ablation for polishing and figuring. For the first time to our knowledge, model-guided femtosecond laser polishing of germanium was successfully demonstrated, achieving precision material removal while maintaining single-digit nanometer optical surface quality. The demonstrated femtosecond-laser-based polishing technique lays the foundation for semiconductor optics polishing/fabrication using femtosecond lasers and opens a viable path for high-precision, complex sub-aperture optical polishing tasks on various materials. © 2019 Optical Society of America under the terms of the OSA Open Access Publishing Agreementmore » « less
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