Additive Manufacturing (AM) allows increased complexity which poses challenges to quality-control (QC) and non-destructive evaluation (NDE) of manufactured parts. The lack of simple, reliable, and inexpensive methods for NDE of AM parts is a significant obstacle to wider adoption of AM parts. Electromechanical impedance measurements have been investigated as a means to detect manufacturing defects in AM parts. Impedance-based NDE utilizes piezoelectric wafers as collocated sensors and actuators. Taking advantage of the coupled electromechanical characteristics of piezoelectric materials, the mechanical characteristics of the part under test can be inferred from the electrical impedance of the piezoelectric wafer. Previous efforts have used piezoelectric wafers bonded directly to the part under test, which imposes several challenges regarding the applicability and robustness of the technique. This paper investigates the use of an instrumented clamp as a solution for measuring the electromechanical impedance of the part under test. The effectiveness of this approach in detecting manufacturing defects is compared to directly bonded wafers.
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Clamping Force Effects on the Performance of Mechanically Attached Piezoelectric Transducers for Impedance-Based NDE
Impedance-based non-destructive evaluation (NDE) constitutes a generalization of structural health monitoring (SHM), where comparisons between known-healthy reference structures and potentially-defective structures are used to identify damage. The quantity considered by impedance-based NDE is the electrical impedance of a piezoelectric element bonded to the part under test, which is linked to the dynamic vibrational response of the part under test through electromechanical coupling. In this work, the piezoelectric element is not bonded directly to the part under test, but rather to a c-shaped clamp, which is then mechanically attached to the part under test. Under this attachment condition, the effect of clamping force on the sensitivity of the impedance-based evaluation is investigated for machined steel blocks with varying levels of damage severity. The highest clamping force tested (600 lb, 2670 N) was the only condition exhibiting increasing damage metric values with increasing damage severity in the parts under test, suggesting that higher clamping force increases sensitivity to damage.
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- Award ID(s):
- 1635356
- PAR ID:
- 10112513
- Date Published:
- Journal Name:
- IMAC XXXVII A Conference and Exposition on Structural Dynamics
- Volume:
- 7
- Format(s):
- Medium: X
- Sponsoring Org:
- National Science Foundation
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