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1. Emulating inconsistencies in stratospheric aerosol injection

   https://doi.org/10.1088/2752-5295/ad519c  

   Farley, Jared; MacMartin, Douglas_G; Visioni, Daniele; Kravitz, Ben (July 2024, Environmental Research: Climate)

   Abstract Stratospheric aerosol injection (SAI) would involve the addition of sulfate aerosols in the stratosphere to reflect part of the incoming solar radiation, thereby cooling the climate. Studies trying to explore the impacts of SAI have often focused on idealized scenarios without explicitly introducing what we call ‘inconsistencies’ in a deployment. A concern often discussed is what would happen to the climate system after an abrupt termination of its deployment, whether inadvertent or deliberate. However, there is a much wider range of plausible inconsistencies in deployment than termination that should be evaluated to better understand associated risks. In this work, we simulate a few representative inconsistencies in a pre-existing SAI scenario: an abrupt termination, a decade-long gradual phase-out, and 1 year and 2 year temporary interruptions of deployment. After examining their climate impacts, we use these simulations to train an emulator, and use this to project global mean temperature response for a broader set of inconsistencies in deployment. Our work highlights the capacity of a finite set of explicitly simulated scenarios that include inconsistencies to inform an emulator that is capable of expanding the space of scenarios that one might want to explore far more quickly and efficiently. 

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2. Secondary Marine Aerosol Plays a Dominant Role over Primary Sea Spray Aerosol in Cloud Formation

   https://doi.org/10.1021/acscentsci.0c00793  

   Mayer, Kathryn J.; Wang, Xiaofei; Santander, Mitchell V.; Mitts, Brock A.; Sauer, Jonathan S.; Sultana, Camille M.; Cappa, Christopher D.; Prather, Kimberly A. (December 2020, ACS Central Science)

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3. Chemistry of hydroperoxycarbonyls in secondary organic aerosol

   https://doi.org/10.1080/02786826.2018.1511046  

   Pagonis, Demetrios; Ziemann, Paul J. (September 2018, Aerosol Science and Technology)
4. Complexities in Modeling Organic Aerosol Light Absorption

   https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpca.2c02236  

   Gorkowski, Kyle; Benedict, Katherine B.; Carrico, Christian M.; Dubey, Manvendra K. (July 2022, The Journal of Physical Chemistry A)
5. Multiphase Guaiacol Photooxidation: Fenton Reactions, Brown Carbon, and Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation in Suspended Aerosol Particles

   https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestair.3c00057  

   De_Haan, David O; Hawkins, Lelia N; Weber, Jacob A; Moul, Benjamin T; Hui, Samson; Cox, Santeh A; Esse, Jennifer U; Skochdopole, Nathan R; Lynch, Carys P; Le, Chen; et al (May 2024, ACS ES&T Air)

   Guaiacol, present in wood smoke, readily forms secondary organic aerosol (SOA), and, in the aqueous phase, brown carbon (BrC) species. Here, BrC is produced in an illuminated chamber containing guaiacol(g), HOOH(g) as an OH radical source, and either deliquesced salt particles or guaiacol SOA at 50% relative humidity. BrC production slows without an OH source (HOOH), likely due to low levels of radical generation by photosensitization, perhaps involving surface-adsorbed guaiacol and dissolved oxygen. With or without HOOH, BrC mass absorption coefficients at 365 nm generated by the guaiacol + OH reaction reach a maximum at ~6 h of atmospheric OH exposure, after which photobleaching becomes dominant. In the presence of soluble iron but no HOOH, more BrC is produced, likely due to insoluble polymer production observed in previous studies. However, with both soluble iron and HOOH (enabling Fenton chemistry), significantly less SOA and BrC are produced due to very high oxidation rates, and the average SOA carbon oxidation state reaches 2, indicating carboxylate products like oxalate. These results indicate that SOA and BrC formation by guaiacol photooxidation can take place over a wider range of atmospheric conditions than previously thought, and that the effects of iron(II) depend on HOOH. Multiphase guaiacol photooxidation likely makes a significant contribution to producing highly oxidized SOA material in smoke plumes. 

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