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1. Relaxing leaf‐motion restrictions in dynamic multileaf collimator leaf sequencing

   https://doi.org/10.1002/mp.13158  

   Mirzapour, Seyed Ali; Salari, Ehsan (October 2018, Medical Physics)
2. The Artificial Leaf

   https://doi.org/10.1021/ar2003013  

   Nocera, Daniel G. (May 2012, Accounts of Chemical Research)
3. Leaf nonstructural carbohydrate residence time, not concentration, correlates with leaf functional traits following the leaf economic spectrum in woody plants

   https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.20315  

   Asao, Shinichi; Way, Danielle A; Turnbull, Matthew H; Stitt, Mark; McDowell, Nate G; Reich, Peter B; Bloomfield, Keith J; Zaragoza‐Castells, Joana; Creek, Danielle; O'Sullivan, Odhran; et al (May 2025, New Phytologist)

   Summary Nonstructural carbohydrate (NSC) concentrations might reflect the strategies described in the leaf economic spectrum (LES) due to their dependence on photosynthesis and respiration.We examined if NSC concentrations correlate with leaf structure, chemistry, and physiology traits for 114 species from 19 sites and 5 biomes around the globe.Total leaf NSC concentrations varied greatly from 16 to 199 mg g⁻¹dry mass and were mostly independent of leaf gas exchange and the LES traits. By contrast, leaf NSC residence time was shorter in species with higher rates of photosynthesis, following the fast‐slow strategies in the LES. An average leaf held an amount of NSCs that could sustain one night of leaf respiration and could be replenished in just a few hours of photosynthesis under saturating light, indicating that most daily carbon gain is exported.Our results suggest that NSC export is clearly linked to the economics of return on resource investment. 

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4. Making a clean break: contrasting leaf abscission dynamics across temperate leaf habits

   https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcaf327  

   Kane, Cade N; Rimer, Ian M; McAdam, Scott_A M (December 2025, Annals of Botany)

   Abstract Background and AimsLeaf abscission is the process whereby plants actively shed leaves through physical detachment at the abscission zone (AZ). Leaf abscission is generally preceded by senescence, during which there is an active reclamation of leaf nutrients. The physiological regulation of leaf abscission remains poorly studied in trees, with a suite of environmental and endogenous signals believed to regulate the process. Here, we sought to characterize the role of water status, leaf gas exchange, senescence and the phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) in regulating leaf abscission in temperate trees. MethodsWe developed a novel method to quantify AZ competency (AZC) and simultaneously measured leaf gas exchange, chlorophyll content, water potential, AZC and ABA levels from late summer until leaf death in four temperate tree species representing deciduous, brevi-deciduous, and marcescent leaf habits. We tested for associations between changes in key physiological traits and AZC in all species. Key ResultsThe two deciduous species showed contrasting physiological patterns leading to leaf abscission: one species degraded chlorophyll and ceased photosynthesis before complete AZC, while the other retained chlorophyll and continued photosynthesis until complete AZC. The brevi-deciduous species degraded most chlorophyll but developed AZC gradually over a longer period. The marcescent species’ leaves fully senesced but did not develop AZC. ConclusionsThese findings demonstrate that leaf senescence and abscission are distinct and variably timed processes across temperate tree species. These results have implications for predicting future leaf lifespan as the climate changes, with the characterization of physiological diversity in the regulation of leaf abscission profoundly understudied. 

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5. Turning a new leaf: PhenoVision provides leaf phenology data at the global scale

   https://doi.org/10.1002/aps3.70067  

   Grady, Erin L; Denny, Ellen G; Seltzer, Carrie E; Deck, John; Li, Daijiang; Dinnage, Russell; Guralnick, Robert P (June 2026, Applications in Plant Sciences)

   Abstract PremisePlant phenology dictates many aspects of community function and ecosystem dynamics. Yet, global phenology data are still limited, especially in areas lacking monitoring programs. Here we present a new data resource, PhenoVision–Leaf, which extends a computer vision pipeline utilizing iNaturalist digital image vouchers to produce global‐scale leaf phenophase data for deciduous woody genera. MethodsWe first discuss our implementation of a new human annotation framework for leaf phenology on iNaturalist, aligning with phenophase definitions used by the larger phenology community. We then showcase the use of 165,988 crowdsourced annotated records to train a Vision Transformer model with a two‐stage regime to maximize precision across single‐ and multi‐image records. This approach extends PhenoVision from scoring individual images to aggregating at the iNaturalist record level, better aligning with human annotation processes. ResultsPost‐hoc validation showed high performance for detecting present green and colored leaves (>98% precision) and reasonable precision for breaking leaf buds (>87% precision). Applying PhenoVision–Leaf to over six million iNaturalist records yielded 5.6 million record‐level phenology observations across 6500 species and 57 families, filling geographic and taxonomic gaps. DiscussionThese data, now accessible through the Phenobase web application, establish a foundation for near real‐time monitoring of leaf phenology, supporting global‐scale synthesis analyses. 

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