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1. Nitrous Acid (HONO) Formation from the Irradiation of Aqueous Nitrate Solutions in the Presence of Marine Chromophoric Dissolved Organic Matter: Comparison to Other Organic Photosensitizers

   https://doi.org/10.1021/acsearthspacechem.1c00292  

   Mora Garcia, Stephanie L. ; Pandit, Shubhrangshu ; Navea, Juan G. ; Grassian, Vicki H. ( November 2021 , ACS Earth and Space Chemistry)
2. An investigation into the chemistry of HONO in the marine boundary layer at Tudor Hill Marine Atmospheric Observatory in Bermuda

   https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-6327-2022  

   Zhu, Yuting ; Wang, Youfeng ; Zhou, Xianliang ; Elshorbany, Yasin F. ; Ye, Chunxiang ; Hayden, Matthew ; Peters, Andrew J. ( January 2022 , Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics)

   Abstract. Here we present measurement results of temporal distributions of nitrous acid (HONO) along with several chemical and meteorologicalparameters during the spring and the late summer of 2019 at Tudor Hill Marine Atmospheric Observatory in Bermuda. Large temporal variations inHONO concentration were controlled by several factors including local pollutant emissions, air mass interaction with the island, andlong-range atmospheric transport of HONO precursors. In polluted plumes emitted from local traffic, power plant, and cruise ship emissions,HONO and nitrogen oxides (NOx) existed at substantial levels (up to 278 pptv and 48 ppbv, respectively),and NOx-related reactions played dominant roles in daytime formation of HONO. The lowest concentration of HONO wasobserved in marine air, with median concentrations at ∼ 3 pptv around solar noon and < 1 pptv during thenighttime. Considerably higher levels of HONO were observed during the day in the low-NOx island-influenced air([NO2] < 1 ppbv), with a median HONO concentration of ∼ 17 pptv. HONO mixing ratios exhibiteddistinct diurnal cycles that peaked around solar noon and were lowest before sunrise, indicating the importance of photochemical processes forHONO formation. In clean marine air, NOx-related reactions contribute to ∼ 21 % of the daytime HONOsource, and the photolysis of particulate nitrate (pNO3) can account for the missing source assuming a moderate enhancement factorof 29 relative to gaseous nitric acid photolysis. In low-NOx island-influenced air, the contribution from bothNOx-related reactions and pNO3 photolysis accounts for only ∼ 48 % of the daytime HONOproduction, and the photochemical processes on surfaces of the island, such as the photolysis of nitric acid on the forest canopy, might contributesignificantly to the daytime HONO production. The concentrations of HONO, NOx, and pNO3 were lowerwhen the site was dominated by the aged marine air in the summer and were higher when the site was dominated by North American air in the spring,reflecting the effects of long-range transport on the reactive nitrogen chemistry in background marine environments. 

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3. HONO, Particulate Nitrite, and Snow Nitrite at a Midlatitude Urban Site during Wintertime

   https://doi.org/10.1021/acsearthspacechem.9b00023  

   Chen, Qianjie ; Edebeli, Jacinta ; McNamara, Stephen M. ; Kulju, Kathryn D. ; May, Nathaniel W. ; Bertman, Steven B. ; Thanekar, Sham ; Fuentes, Jose D. ; Pratt, Kerri A. ( February 2019 , ACS Earth and Space Chemistry)
4. HONO Emissions from Western U.S. Wildfires Provide Dominant Radical Source in Fresh Wildfire Smoke

   https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.0c00126  

   Peng, Qiaoyun ; Palm, Brett B. ; Melander, Kira E. ; Lee, Ben H. ; Hall, Samuel R. ; Ullmann, Kirk ; Campos, Teresa ; Weinheimer, Andrew J. ; Apel, Eric C. ; Hornbrook, Rebecca S. ; et al ( May 2020 , Environmental Science & Technology)
5. Satellite Evidence of HONO/NO 2 Increase With Fire Radiative Power

   https://doi.org/10.1029/2023GL103836  

   Fredrickson, C. D. ; Theys, N. ; Thornton, J. A. ( September 2023 , Geophysical Research Letters)

   Wildfires are important sources of atmospheric reactive nitrogen. The reactive nitrogen species partitioning generally depends on fire characteristics. One reactive nitrogen compound, nitrous acid (HONO), is a source of hydroxyl radicals and nitric oxide, which can impact the oxidizing capacity of the atmosphere and fire plume chemistry and composition. We study the Australian wildfire season of 2019–2020, known as Black Summer, where numerous large and intense wildfires burned throughout the continent. We use HONO and nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) from the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) and fire radiative power (FRP) from the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite to investigate HONO and NO₂relationships with fire characteristics. The ratio of HONO to NO₂increases linearly with FRP both in Australia and globally. Both Australian and global fire relationships depend strongly on land cover type. These relationships can be applied to emission inventories to improve wildfire emission representation in models.

    

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