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1. OptoDyCE as an automated system for high-throughput all-optical dynamic cardiac electrophysiology

   https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms11542  

   Klimas, Aleksandra ; Ambrosi, Christina M. ; Yu, Jinzhu ; Williams, John C. ; Bien, Harold ; Entcheva, Emilia ( September 2016 , Nature Communications)
2. Holonomic Quantum Control by Coherent Optical Excitation in Diamond

   https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.119.140503  

   Zhou, Brian B. ; Jerger, Paul C. ; Shkolnikov, V. O. ; Heremans, F. Joseph ; Burkard, Guido ; Awschalom, David D. ( October 2017 , Physical Review Letters)
3. All-optical closed-loop voltage clamp for precise control of muscles and neurons in live animals

   https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-37622-6  

   Bergs, Amelie C. ; Liewald, Jana F. ; Rodriguez-Rozada, Silvia ; Liu, Qiang ; Wirt, Christin ; Bessel, Artur ; Zeitzschel, Nadja ; Durmaz, Hilal ; Nozownik, Adrianna ; Dill, Holger ; et al ( December 2023 , Nature Communications)

   Abstract Excitable cells can be stimulated or inhibited by optogenetics. Since optogenetic actuation regimes are often static, neurons and circuits can quickly adapt, allowing perturbation, but not true control. Hence, we established an optogenetic voltage-clamp (OVC). The voltage-indicator QuasAr2 provides information for fast, closed-loop optical feedback to the bidirectional optogenetic actuator BiPOLES. Voltage-dependent fluorescence is held within tight margins, thus clamping the cell to distinct potentials. We established the OVC in muscles and neurons of Caenorhabditis elegans , and transferred it to rat hippocampal neurons in slice culture. Fluorescence signals were calibrated to electrically measured potentials, and wavelengths to currents, enabling to determine optical I/V-relationships. The OVC reports on homeostatically altered cellular physiology in mutants and on Ca 2+ -channel properties, and can dynamically clamp spiking in C. elegans . Combining non-invasive imaging with control capabilities of electrophysiology, the OVC facilitates high-throughput, contact-less electrophysiology in individual cells and paves the way for true optogenetic control in behaving animals. 

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4. Localized All‐Optical Control of Single Semiconductor Quantum Dots through Plasmon Polariton‐Induced Screening

   https://doi.org/10.1002/adom.201800345  

   Seaton, Matt ; Krasnok, Alex ; Bracker, Allan S. ; Alù, Andrea ; Wu, Yanwen ( May 2018 , Advanced Optical Materials)

   Due to their ability to strongly modify the local optical field through the excitation of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs), plasmonic nanostructures are often used to reshape the emission direction and enhance the radiative decay rate of quantum emitters, such as semiconductor quantum dots (QDs). These features are essential for quantum information processing, nanoscale photonic circuitry, and optoelectronics. However, the modification and enhancement demonstrated thus far have typically led to drastic alterations of the local energy density of the emitters, and hence their intrinsic optical properties, leaving little room for active control. Here, dynamic tuning of the energy states of a single semiconductor QD is demonstrated by optically modifying its local dielectric environment with a nearby plasmonic structure, instead of directly coupling it to the QD. This technique leaves intact the intrinsic optical properties of the QD, while enabling a reversible all‐optical control mechanism that operates below the diffraction limit at low power levels.

    

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5. Selective control of synaptically-connected circuit elements by all-optical synapses

   https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-021-02981-7  

   Prakash, Mansi ; Murphy, Jeremy ; St Laurent, Robyn ; Friedman, Nina ; Crespo, Emmanuel L. ; Bjorefeldt, Andreas ; Pal, Akash ; Bhagat, Yuvraj ; Kauer, Julie A. ; Shaner, Nathan C. ; et al ( January 2022 , Communications Biology)

   Understanding percepts, engrams and actions requires methods for selectively modulating synaptic communication between specific subsets of interconnected cells. Here, we develop an approach to control synaptically connected elements using bioluminescent light: Luciferase-generated light, originating from a presynaptic axon terminal, modulates an opsin in its postsynaptic target. Vesicular-localized luciferase is released into the synaptic cleft in response to presynaptic activity, creating a real-time Optical Synapse. Light production is under experimenter-control by introduction of the small molecule luciferin. Signal transmission across this optical synapse is temporally defined by the presence of both the luciferin and presynaptic activity. We validate synaptic Interluminescence by multi-electrode recording in cultured neurons and in mice in vivo. Interluminescence represents a powerful approach to achieve synapse-specific and activity-dependent circuit control in vivo.

    

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