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1. Switching Separation Migration Order by Switching Electrokinetic Regime in Electrokinetic Microsystems

   https://doi.org/10.3390/BIOS14030119  

   Vaghef-Koodehi, Alaleh; Lapizco-Encinas, Blanca H (March 2024, Biosensors)

   Analyte migration order is a major aspect in all migration-based analytical separations methods. Presented here is the manipulation of the migration order of microparticles in an insulator-based electrokinetic separation. Three distinct particle mixtures were studied: a binary mixture of particles with similar electrical charge and different sizes, and two tertiary mixtures of particles of distinct sizes. Each one of the particle mixtures was separated twice, the first separation was performed under low voltage (linear electrokinetic regime) and the second separation was performed under high voltage (nonlinear electrokinetic regime). Linear electrophoresis, which discriminates particles by charge, is the dominant electrokinetic effect in the linear regime; while nonlinear electrophoresis, which discriminates particles by size and shape, is the dominant electrokinetic effect in the nonlinear regime. The separation results obtained with the three particle mixtures illustrated that particle elution order can be changed by switching from the linear electrokinetic regime to the nonlinear electrokinetic regime. Also, in all cases, better separation performances in terms of separation resolution (Rs) were obtained by employing the nonlinear electrokinetic regime allowing nonlinear electrophoresis to be the discriminatory electrokinetic mechanism. These findings could be applied to analyze complex samples containing bioparticles of interest within the micron size range. This is the first report where particle elution order is altered in an iEK system. 

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2. Proton switching molecular magnetoelectricity

   https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-24941-9  

   Hu, Yong; Broderick, Scott; Guo, Zipeng; N’Diaye, Alpha T.; Bola, Jaspal S.; Malissa, Hans; Li, Cheng; Zhang, Qiang; Huang, Yulong; Jia, Quanxi; et al (December 2021, Nature Communications)

   Abstract The convergence of proton conduction and multiferroics is generating a compelling opportunity to achieve strong magnetoelectric coupling and magneto-ionics, offering a versatile platform to realize molecular magnetoelectrics. Here we describe machine learning coupled with additive manufacturing to accelerate the design strategy for hydrogen-bonded multiferroic macromolecules accompanied by strong proton dependence of magnetic properties. The proton switching magnetoelectricity occurs in three-dimensional molecular heterogeneous solids. It consists of a molecular magnet network as proton reservoir to modulate ferroelectric polarization, while molecular ferroelectrics charging proton transfer to reversibly manipulate magnetism. The magnetoelectric coupling induces a reversible 29% magnetization control at ferroelectric phase transition with a broad thermal hysteresis width of 160 K (192 K to 352 K), while a room-temperature reversible magnetic modulation is realized at a low electric field stimulus of 1 kV cm −1 . The findings of electrostatic proton transfer provide a pathway of proton mediated magnetization control in hierarchical molecular multiferroics. 

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3. Frequency-switching sparse arrays

   Zhang, Yimin D; Chowdhury, Md_Waqeeb_T S (July 2024, IEEE)
4. Nanoionic Resistive‐Switching Devices

   https://doi.org/10.1002/aelm.201900184  

   Zhu, Xiaojian; Lee, Seung_Hwan; Lu, Wei_D (May 2019, Advanced Electronic Materials)

   Abstract Advances in the understanding of nanoscale ionic processes in solid‐state thin films have led to the rapid development of devices based on coupled ionic–electronic effects. For example, ion‐driven resistive‐switching (RS) devices have been extensively studied for future memory applications due to their excellent performance in terms of switching speed, endurance, retention, and scalability. Recent studies further suggest that RS devices are more than just resistors with tunable resistance; instead, they exhibit rich and complex internal ionic dynamics that equip them with native information‐processing capabilities, particularly in the temporal domain. RS effects induced by the migration of different types of ions, often driven by an electric field, are discussed. It is shown that, by taking advantage of the different state variables controlled by the ionic processes, important synaptic functions can be faithfully implemented in solid‐state devices and networks. Recent efforts on improving the controllability of ionic processes to optimize device performance are also discussed, along with new opportunities for material design and engineering enabled by the ability to control ionic processes at the atomic scale. 

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5. Variable-Switching Constant-Sampling Frequency Critical Soft Switching MPC for DC/DC Converters

   https://doi.org/10.1109/TEC.2021.3058306  

   Zhou, Liwei; Preindl, Matthias (January 2021, IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion)

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