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1. Exposure Outliers: Children, Mothers, and Cumulative Disaster Exposure in Louisiana

   Mohammad, Lubna; Peek, Peek (August 2019, Journal of family strengths)

   Only a limited number of studies have explored the effects of cumulative disaster exposure—defined here as multiple, acute onset, large-scale collective events that cause disruption for individuals, families, and entire communities. Research that is available indicates that children and adults who experience these potentially traumatic community-level events are at greater risk of a variety of negative health outcomes and ongoing secondary stressors throughout their life course. The present study draws on in-depth interviews with a qualitative subsample of nine mother-child pairs who were identified as both statistical and theoretical outliers in terms of their levels of disaster exposure through their participation in a larger, longitudinal Women and Their Children’s Health (WaTCH) project that was conducted following the British Petroleum Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill. During Wave 2 of the WaTCH study, mothers and their children were asked survey questions about previous exposure to and the impacts of the oil spill, hurricanes, and other disasters. This article presents the qualitative interview data collected from the subsample of children and mothers who both endorsed that they had experienced three or more disasters that had a major impact on the child and the household. We refer to these children as exposure outliers. The in-depth narratives of the four mother-child pairs who told stories of multiple pre-disaster stressors emerging from structural inequalities and health and financial problems, protracted and unstable displacements, and high levels of material and social losses illustrate how problems can pile up to slow or completely hinder individual and family disaster recovery. These four mother-child pairs were especially likely to have experienced devastating losses in Hurricane Katrina in 2005, which then led to an accumulation of disadvantage and ongoing cycles of loss and disruption. The stories of the remaining five mother-child pairs underscore how pre-disaster resources, post-disaster support, and institutional stabilizing forces can accelerate recovery even after multiple disaster exposures. This study offers insights about how families can begin to prepare for a future that is likely to be increasingly punctuated by more frequent and intense extreme weather events and other types of disaster. 

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2. Estimating Outcome-Exposure Associations when Exposure Biomarker Detection Limits vary Across Batches

   https://doi.org/10.1097/EDE.0000000000001052  

   Boss, Jonathan; Mukherjee, Bhramar; Ferguson, Kelly K.; Aker, Amira; Alshawabkeh, Akram N.; Cordero, José F.; Meeker, John D.; Kim, Sehee (January 2019, Epidemiology)
3. The maximum exposure problem

   https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comgeo.2022.101861  

   Kumar, Neeraj; Sintos, Stavros; Suri, Subhash (June 2022, Computational Geometry)
4. The Maximum Exposure Problem

   Kumar, N; Sintos, S; Suri, S. (September 2019, Approximation, Randomization, and Combinatorial Optimization. Algorithms and Techniques)

   Given a set of points P and axis-aligned rectangles R in the plane, a point p ∈ P is called exposed if it lies outside all rectangles in R. In the max-exposure problem, given an integer parameter k, we want to delete k rectangles from R so as to maximize the number of exposed points. We show that the problem is NP-hard and assuming plausible complexity conjectures is also hard to approximate even when rectangles in R are translates of two fixed rectangles. However, if R only consists of translates of a single rectangle, we present a polynomial-time approximation scheme. For general rectangle range space, we present a simple O(k) bicriteria approximation algorithm; that is by deleting O(k2) rectangles, we can expose at least Ω(1/k) of the optimal number of points. 

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5. Implications of Pro- and Counterattitudinal Information Exposure for Affective Polarization: Partisan Media Exposure and Affective Polarization

   https://doi.org/10.1111/hcre.12028  

   Kelly Garrett, R.; Gvirsman, Shira Dvir; Johnson, Benjamin K.; Tsfati, Yariv; Neo, Rachel; Dal, Aysenur (July 2014, Human Communication Research)