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1. Endoscopic hyperspectral imaging: light guide optimization for spectral light source

   https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2290615  

   Browning, Craig M. ; Mayes, Sam ; Rich, Thomas C. ; Leavesley, Silas J. ( February 2018 , Proc. SPIE 10487, Multimodal Biomedical Imaging XIII, 104870H)

   Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) is a technology used in remote sensing, food processing and documentation recovery. Recently, this approach has been applied in the medical field to spectrally interrogate regions of interest within respective substrates. In spectral imaging, a two (spatial) dimensional image is collected, at many different (spectral) wavelengths, to sample spectral signatures from different regions and/or components within a sample. Here, we report on the use of hyperspectral imaging for endoscopic applications. Colorectal cancer is the 3rd leading cancer for incidences and deaths in the US. One factor of severity is the miss rate of precancerous/flat lesions (~65% accuracy).more »Integrating HSI into colonoscopy procedures could minimize misdiagnosis and unnecessary resections. We have previously reported a working prototype light source with 16 high-powered light emitting diodes (LEDs) capable of high speed cycling and imaging. In recent testing, we have found our current prototype is limited by transmission loss (~99%) through the multi-furcated solid light guide (lightpipe) and the desired framerate (20-30 fps) could not be achieved. Here, we report on a series of experimental and modeling studies to better optimize the lightpipe and the spectral endoscopy system as a whole. The lightpipe was experimentally evaluated using an integrating sphere and spectrometer (Ocean Optics). Modeling the lightpipe was performed using Monte Carlo optical ray tracing in TracePro (Lambda Research Corp.). Results of these optimization studies will aid in manufacturing a revised prototype with the newly designed light guide and increased sensitivity. Once the desired optical output (5-10 mW) is achieved then the HIS endoscope system will be able to be implemented without adding onto the procedure time.« less
2. Rapid light-induced shifts in opsin expression: finding new opsins, discerning mechanisms of change, and implications for visual sensitivity: RAPID LIGHT-INDUCED SHIFTS IN OPSIN EXPRESSION

   https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2011.05180.x  

   FULLER, REBECCA C. ; CLARICOATES, KRISTIN M. ( August 2011 , Molecular Ecology)
3. Chiral light-front perturbation theory and the flavor dependence of the light-quark nucleon sea

   https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.100.035205  

   Alberg, Mary ; Miller, Gerald A. ( September 2019 , Physical Review C)
4. Synthesis of a light-harvesting ruthenium porphyrin complex substituted with BODIPY units. Implications for visible light-promoted catalytic oxidations

   https://doi.org/10.1039/D1NJ00189B  

   Malone, Jonathan ; Klaine, Seth ; Alcantar, Christian ; Bratcher, Fox ; Zhang, Rui ( March 2021 , New Journal of Chemistry)

   A light-harvesting ruthenium porphyrin substituted covalently with four boron–dipyrrin (BODIPY) moieties has been synthesized and studied. The resulting complex showed an efficient decarbonylation reaction predominantly due to a photo-induced energy transfer process. Chemical oxidation of the ruthenium( ii ) BODIPY–porphyrin afforded a high-energy trans -dioxoruthenium( vi ) species that is one order of magnitude more reactive towards alkene oxidation than those analogues supported by conventional porphyrins. In the presence of visible light, the ruthenium( ii ) BODIPY–porphyrin displayed remarkable catalytic activity toward sulfide oxidation and alkene epoxidation using iodobenzene diacetate [PhI(OAc) 2 ] and 2,6-dichloropyridine N -oxide (Cl 2 pyNO)more »as terminal oxidants, respectively. The findings in this work highlight that porphyrin–BODIPY conjugated metal complexes are potentially useful for visible light-promoted catalytic oxidations.« less
5. Enhanced light interception and light use efficiency explain overyielding in young tree communities

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   Williams, Laura J. ; Butler, Ethan E. ; Cavender‐Bares, Jeannine ; Stefanski, Artur ; Rice, Karen E. ; Messier, Christian ; Paquette, Alain ; Reich, Peter B. ( May 2021 , Ecology Letters)

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