The known Afrotropical erythroneurine fauna, consisting of 47 genera and 264 species (Dmitriev, 2003 onward), shows generic diversity second only to that of the Oriental fauna. However, recent collections indicate that a large portion of the Afrotropical species of the tribe remains undescribed. In this paper, we treat 12 genera and 27 species based on study of recently collected specimens, primarily from the Republic of Congo. Dworakowska (1974) previously described numerous genera and species of Erythroneurini from the same country and most of the specimens are from three localities: Odzala (in the north), Dimonika (in the southwest) and Sibiti (west central), all in heavily forested areas. The material studied here is from Lesio-Loun Reserve, which is dominated by open grassland and savanna habitat in the east central part of the country (Pool Province). Two new genera, Laminaris and Projecta gen. nov., are established based on four new species each. Six genera are redescribed with eight new species added.
The morphological terminology follows Young (1952) except for the abdominal apodemes and the wing: the definitions of the abdominal apodemes refer to Ross (1959), and the nomenclature for the wing veins is adopted from Dworakowska (1993). Habitus photos were taken using Canon EOS 5D equipped with Canon MP-E 1-5x 65mm lens. Multiple photographs were compressed into final images by CombineZP. Abdomens and genitalia were removed from specimens and cleared in a 10% KOH solution heated for 1-2 minutes. Cleared material was then rinsed in water and stored in glycerine. A Nikon SMZ1500 dissecting microscope was used for viewing and an Olympus BH-2 stereoscopic microscope for drawing. All studied specimens are deposited in the Illinois Natural History Survey, Champaign, Illinois, USA, except those followed by (IMC), which are deposited in the Iziko Museum, Cape Town, South Africa.
Cao & Dietrich sp. nov. (Figs 1, Description. Ground color white (specimens preserved in ethanol before examination), eyes grey, face with indistinct longitudinal brown medial band. Basal triangles of mesonotum brown. Forewing dark brown apically near costal margin. Anal tube appendage (Fig. 1e) narrow, base curved, apex blunt, as wide as base.
Pygofer side (Fig. 1d) rounded distally; dorsal appendage (Figs 1d, e) short, not extended to hind margin of lobe, blunt apically. Subgenital plate (Figs 1d, g) with short apical part curved dorsad; with about 4 macrosetae. Style (Figs 1h,i) with apical part straight in dorsal view, curved ventrad in lateral view, middle part short. Connective (Fig. 1j) narrow, length greater than width. Aedeagal shaft (Figs 1k,l) narrow and straight; preatrium rudimentary, region between preatrium and dorsal apodeme slightly wider than base of shaft in caudal view; gonopore central. Measurement. Male length 3.00mm. Material examined. Holotype: ♂, REPUBLIC OF CONGO, Dept. Pool, Iboubikro site, Lesio-Loun Pk, 340m, 03°16.196'S, 015°28.267'E, 23.viii.2008, coll. Braet & Sharkey. Paratypes: 1♂, same data as holotype; 2♂, same data except 25.viii.2008; 1♂, same data except 03°16.020'S, 015°31.440 'E, 19-26.viii.2008.
Etymology. The new specific epithet is derived from Latin adjective "angustus" which means narrow, referring to the narrow anal tube appendage.
Diagnosis. This species can be distinguished from the others by the anal tube appendages of uniform width and the straight aedeagal shaft.
Cao & Dietrich sp. nov. (Figs 2, Description. Ground color white, heavily infused with light brown (specimens preserved in ethanol before examination), eyes grey. Basal triangles of mesonotum black. Forewing light brown apically near costal margin. Anal tube appendage (Fig. 2c) greatly expanded medially, apex blunt. Pygofer side (Fig. 2b) rounded distally; dorsal appendage (Figs 2b,c) long, surpassing hind margin of lobe, foot-like, apex pointed. Subgenital plate (Figs 2b,e) relatively short, base much wider than apex; with about 4 macrosetae. Style (Figs 2f,g) with apical part sinuate in dorsal view, sharply curved ventrad in lateral view, middle part very short. Connective (Fig. 2h) with length slightly greater than width, lateral arms slightly sinuate. Aedeagal shaft (Figs 2i, j) broad, curved dorsad, with 2 small lamellae on ventral margin near middle; dorsal apodeme and preatrium short, region between preatrium and dorsal apodeme much wider than base of shaft in caudal view; gonopore subapical, concave in lateral view.
Measurement. Male length 3.30-3.40mm. Material examined. Holotype: ♂, REPUBLIC OF CONGO, Dept. Pool, Iboubikro site, Lesio-Loun Pk, 340m, 03°16.020'S, 015°31.440 'E, 19-26.viii.2008, coll. Braet & Sharkey. Paratype: 1♂, same data as holotype.
Etymology. The new specific epithet is derived from Latin adverb "cuspidatim" which means "like a spearpoint", referring to the pointed pygofer dorsal appendage.
Diagnosis. The new species is similar to L. serrata sp. nov., but the anal tube appendage is blunt apically, the pygofer dorsal appendage is foot-like and much longer, the style is curved sharply and the aedeagal shaft has only 2 small ventral lamellae.
Cao & Dietrich sp. nov. (Figs 3, Description. Ground color white, infused with light brown (specimens preserved in ethanol before examination), eyes grey. Basal triangles of mesonotum black. Anal tube appendage (Fig. 3c) expanded subbasally, apex pointed and curved cephalad. Pygofer side (Fig. 3b) truncate distally; dorsal appendage (Figs 3b,c) short, not extended to hind margin of lobe, blunt apically. Subgenital plate (Figs 3b,e) with long apical part curved dorsad, with about 5 macrosetae. Style (Figs 3f, g) with apical part straight in dorsal view, directed dorsad in lateral view, middle part relatively long. Connective (Fig. 3h) with length subequal to width. Aedeagal shaft (Figs 3i, j) broad, curved dorsad, dorsal edge with serrate lamella from base to middle, ventral margin with pair of triangular, serrate flanges; preatrium relatively long, region between preatrium and dorsal apodeme wider than base of shaft in caudal view; gonopore central.
Measurement. Male length 3.30-3.40mm. Material examined. Holotype: ♂, REPUBLIC OF CONGO, Dept. Pool, Iboubikro site, Lesio-Loun Pk, 340m, 03°16.196'S, 015°28.267'E, 05.viii.2008, coll. Braet & Sharkey. Paratypes: 1♂, same data as holotype except 25.viii.2008; 1♂, same data except 18-28.viii.2008; 1♂, same data except 03°16.020'S, 015°31.440'E, 29.viii.2008.
Etymology. The new specific epithet is derived from Latin adjective "serratus" which means saw-like, referring to the serrate flanges of the aedeagal shaft.
Diagnosis. The new species is similar to L. tenuis sp. nov., but the pygofer dorsal appendage is wider, the style has a wider apical part, the aedeagal shaft is much broader but shorter, and has three serrate flanges.
Cao & Dietrich sp. nov. (Figs 4, Description. Ground color white, heavily infused with light brown (specimens preserved in ethanol before examination), eyes grey. Basal triangles of mesonotum black. Anal tube appendage (Fig. 4c) expanded medially, apical part narrow and curved cephalad, apex pointed. Pygofer side (Fig. 4b) rounded distally; dorsal appendage (Figs 4b, c) short, not extended to hind margin of lobe, blunt apically. Subgenital plate (Figs 4b, e) with long apical part curved dorsad, with about 4 macrosetae. Style (Figs 4f, g) with apical part curved laterad in dorsal view and curved ventrad in lateral view, middle part short. Connective (Fig. 4h) with length slightly greater than width. Aedeagal shaft (Figs 4i, j) slender and long, curved dorsad, without flanges or processes, apex relatively wide; preatrium short, region between preatrium and dorsal apodeme wider than base of shaft in caudal view; gonopore subapical.
Measurement. Male length 3.30mm. Material examined. Holotype: ♂, REPUBLIC OF CONGO, Dept. Pool, Iboubikro site, Lesio-Loun Pk, 340m, 03°16.196'S, 015°28.267'E, 23.viii.2008, coll. Braet & Sharkey. Paratypes: 1♂, same data as holotype except 29.viii.2008; 1♂, same data except 05.viii.2008; 1♂, same data except 07-21.viii.2008.
Etymology. The new specific epithet is derived from Latin adjective "tenuis" which means slender, thin, referring to the slender aedeagal shaft.
Diagnosis. The new species is similar to L. serrata sp. nov., but the anal tube appendage is narrower apically, the pygofer dorsal appendage and the apical part of the style are narrower, the aedeagal shaft is much thinner and longer, and lacks flanges.
Type species: Projecta auriculata sp. nov., here designated.
Description. Body slim and medium sized, 3.5 to 4.1 mm, color nearly uniformly pale overall without distinct pattern. Crown fore margin broadly rounded apically, subparallel to hind margin, coronal suture distinct. Ocelli vestigial, represented by pair of pale crescent-shaped areas on dorsal part of face. Head including eyes narrower than pronotum. Face convex in profile. Pronotum with lateral margins strongly divergent posteriorly in dorsal view, hind margin strongly concave. Forewing (Fig. 5a) with first and fourth apical cells wide, second and third apical cells narrow, third cell narrowed basally and widened apically, fourth cell almost reaching apex of wing, as long as third, AA and AP present. Hind wing (Fig. 5b) with RA.
Male abdominal apodemes 2S narrow and short, not extended to hind margin of sternite III. Anal tube membranous, long, without appendages.
Male genital capsule spherical or cylindrical, moderately sclerotized, with pair of large lamellate apodemes on dorsal half of basal margin. Pygofer lobe attenuated and well sclerotized distally, with some fine setae near ventral margin and several microsetae on inner membrane; dorsal appendage usually articulated to lobe; ventral appendage absent. Subgenital plate usually not surpassing pygofer lobe, angulate subbasally and narrowing towards apex, apical part extended vertically, wide in lateral view, with irregular row of stout microsetae subbasally on outer margin and continued with row of rigid microsetae to apex, with some microsetae scattered on distal disc and about 2 macrosetae subbasally near outer margin. Style with wide and very long middle part, apical part foot-like, transversely striate; preapical lobe broad or protruded, with a few sensory setae. Connective V-shaped, manubrium (the basal region connecting lateral arms) narrow to broad, without central lobe. Aedeagal shaft usually tubular, curved ventrad, with at least one pair of distal processes; dorsal apodeme large, lamellate; preatrium short; gonopore terminal.
Etymology. The generic name is derived from Latin adjective "projectus" which means projecting, referring to the attenuate pygofer lobe. The name is feminine.
Distribution. Republic of Congo.
Diagnosis. The new genus is similar to the Oriental genus Kaukania Dworakowska, 1972a in body shape and the angulately produced pygofer lobe, but the subgenital plate is narrower and longer, the style has a well-developed preapical lobe, the connective is articulated with the aedeagal shaft and the aedeagus has at least one pair of processes. t) Male genital capsule (Fig. 5d) very long, cylindrical. Pygofer lobe (Fig. 5d) with attenuated distal extension; dorsal appendage (Fig. 5e) articulated to lobe, thin and long, with stick-like basal stem, bifurcated apically, dorsal branch much longer than ventral one. Subgenital plate (Figs 5d,g) not extended to apex of pygofer lobe, apical part narrow in dorsal view, rounded apically in lateral view. Style (Figs 5h,i) apex moderately attenuated and evenly curved, with middle part relatively narrow, preapical lobe long and slender with 1 seta at tip. Connective (Fig. 5j) with manubrium relatively broad. Aedeagal shaft (Figs 5k-m) thick, with pair of short, thin processes apically on dorsal margin, ear-like in caudal view, with braod, lamellate process below gonopore, finely serrate laterally, with pair of short lamellate ventrolateral processes near midlength; preatrium short.
Measurement. Male length 3.95-4.10mm. Material examined. Holotype: ♂, REPUBLIC OF CONGO, Dept. Pool, Iboubikro site, Lesio-Loun Pk, 340m, 03°16.196'S, 015°28.267 'E, 25.viii.2008, coll. Braet & Sharkey. Paratypes: 4♂, same data as holotype.
Etymology. The new specific epithet is derived from Latin adjective "auriculatus" which means ear-like, referring to the ear-like processes of the aedeagal shaft when viewed caudally.
Diagnosis. This species can be distinguished from the other species of the genus by its long, slender preapical lobe of style and the broad, lamellate process below gonopore.
Cao & Zhang sp. nov. (Figs 6, Description. Ground color pale yellow (specimens preserved in ethanol before examination), eyes grey. (Figs 24ux)
Male genital capsule (Fig. 6b) short, length subequal to width. Pygofer lobe (Fig. 6b) with distal extension relatively short; dorsal appendage (Fig. 6b) articulated to lobe, short and thick, with stick-like basal stem, bifurcated apically, dorsal branch slightly shorter and thinner than ventral one. Subgenital plate (Figs 6b,d) slightly surpassing pygofer lobe, apical part relatively broad in dorsal view, rounded apically in lateral view, with reduced stout setae subbasally. Style (Figs 6e,f) with very small second extension apically, apex only slightly widened, with sensory pits basally on middle part, preapical lobe short and broad. Connective (Fig. 6g) with manubrium broad and lateral arms thick. Aedeagal shaft (Figs 6h,i) with two pairs of thin processes distally forming x in caudal view, shaft with two small, triangular processes near middle: one on dorso-lateral margin and one on ventral margin, pair of asymmetrical tooth-like processes present basolaterally; preatrium short; gonopore dorsal.
Measurement. Male length 3.50-3.60mm. Material examined. Holotype: ♂, REPUBLIC OF CONGO, Dept. Pool, Iboubikro site, Lesio-Loun Pk, 340m, 03°16.196'S, 015°28.267'E, 25.viii.2008, coll. Braet & Sharkey. Paratypes: 1♂, same data as holotype; 2♂, same data except 23.viii.2008; 1♂, same data except 18.viii.2008. Etymology. The new specific epithet is derived from Latin adjective "brevis" which means short, referring to the short distal extension of the pygofer lobe.
Diagnosis. This species can be distinguished from the others by the relatively short distal extension of the pygofer lobe, wide manubrium of connective and x-shaped distal processes of the aedeagal shaft. 7g,h) apex moderately attenuated and evenly curved, with sensory pits basally on middle part, preapical lobe short and broad. Connective (Fig. 7i) with manubrium narrow. Aedeagal shaft (Figs 7j, k) depressed, lateral margins curved ventrad, apex denticulate on dorsal margin, with pair of long, thin processes apically, extended ventrad then strongly curved dorsad; dorsal apodeme tapered in lateral view; preatrium elongate, apex widened and blunt, directed caudad.
Measurement. Male length 4.10mm. Material examined. Holotype: ♂, REPUBLIC OF CONGO, Dept. Pool, Iboubikro site, Lesio-Loun Pk, 340m, 03°16.196'S, 015°28.267'E, 25.viii.2008, coll. Braet & Sharkey. Paratypes: 2♂, same data as holotype except 18.viii.2008; 1♂, same data except 29.viii.2008.
Etymology. The new specific epithet is derived from Latin adjective "depressus" which means flattened dorsoventrally, referring to the depressed aedeagal shaft.
Diagnosis. This species is similar to P. draciformis sp. nov., but the pygofer extension is wider, the pygofer dorsal appendage is longer and curved ventrad, the aedeagal shaft is wider and has only one pair of processes, and the preatrium is much longer. 8g,h) with foot-like apex very narrow, preapical lobe short and broad. Connective (Fig. 8i) with manubrium narrow. Aedeagal shaft (Figs 8j, k) depressed, lateral margins curved ventrad, with pair of long, thin processes apically, curved dorsad, and pair of thin processes basally, shorter than apical pair, directed caudad and curved inwards; dorsal apodeme tapered in lateral view; preatrium short, forming angulate process.
Measurement. Male length 3.90-4.10mm. Material examined. Holotype: ♂, REPUBLIC OF CONGO, Dept. Pool, Iboubikro site, Lesio-Loun Pk, 340m, 03°16.196'S, 015°28.267'E, 25.viii.2008, coll. Braet & Sharkey. Paratypes: 2♂, same data as holotype except 29.viii.2008.
Etymology. The new specific epithet is derived from Latin words "draco" and "formis", referring to the dragonlike aedeagal shaft.
Diagnosis. This species is similar to P. depressa sp. nov., but the pygofer extension is narrower, the pygofer dorsal appendage is shorter and fused to the pygofer lobe, the style has a shorter apex, the aedeagal shaft is narrower and has an additional pair of processes basally, and the preatrium forms an angulate process.
Accacidia Dworakowska, 1971: 113 Type species: Accacidia dlabolai Dworakowska, 1971, by original designation Description. Body usually robust and short, mostly 2.0 to 3.0 mm. Head including eyes usually as wide as or wider than pronotum, crown fore margin angulately produced or rounded apically, coronal suture visible at least basally. Ocelli rudimentary with elongated, crescent-shaped vestiges. Face somewhat convex in profile. Forewing (Fig. 9a) with four apical cells almost equal in length and width, AA and AP indistinct or fused. Hind wing (Fig. 9b) with or without RA.
Male abdominal apodemes 2S well developed, narrow to wide, extended to sternite IV-VII. Anal tube with appendages basally.
Male genital capsule usually spherical, weakly sclerotized. Pygofer lobe with spicules on distal half, with some fine setae usually near ventral margin, sometimes with several rigid microsetae near caudal margin; usually without dorsal appendage; with or without ventral appendage. Subgenital plate surpassing hind margin of pygofer lobe, slightly infuscated, widened subbasally, usually angulately produced, with about 2-3 macrosetae subbasally near outer margin, with 2 rows of stout setae on subbasal angle and continued with row of rigid microsetae to apex, with some microsetae scattered on distal disc. Style with apical part foot-like, with transverse furrows, preapical lobe well developed, usually with sensory setae both on preapical lobe and basally of middle part. Connective V-shaped, manubrium usually narrow, with or without central lobe. Aedeagal shaft tubular, with pair of thin processes apically in most species; dorsal apodeme well developed, usually narrow and long in lateral view; preatrium short, with very long preatrial process, usually with whorl-like sculptures apically; gonopore apical or subapical, on ventral side.
Distribution. Austria; Burkina Faso; Republic of Congo; Egypt; Ethiopia; Germany; India; Israel; Jordan; Pakistan; Saudi Arabia; South Africa; Sudan; Uganda; Yemen.
Diagnosis. This genus is similar to Singapora Mahmood, 1967, but the vertex lacks a dark spot apically, the ocelli are rudimentary, the subgenital plate lacks marginal macrosetae subbasally, the style is shorter and the aedeagal shaft is fused with the preatrium.
Note: The following three species currently placed in Accacidia are doubtfully included in this genus and are excluded from the key: A. dactyla (Naudé, 1926); A. garhiensis Ahmed, 1970;A. limitata Dlabola, 1979. These are here considered species incertae sedis within Erythroneurini. l). Forewing (Fig. 9a) with fourth apical cell wide and third apical cell narrow. Male abdominal apodemes 2S (Fig. 9c) narrow, extended to middle of sternite V. Anal tube appendage (Figs 9d, e) directed ventrad, pointed and hooked apically.
Pygofer lobe (Fig. 9d) with dorso-caudal angle produced, hind margin with small process medially. Subgenital plate (Figs 9d,g) with outer margin rounded subapically, with about 2 macrosetae. Style (Figs 9h,i) with apical margin slightly concave, preapical lobe with small process ventrad of apical part, only with sensory setae on preapical lobe. Connective (Fig. 9j) with manubrium moderately wide, central lobe almost as long as lateral arms, apical margin slightly convex. Aedeagal shaft (Figs 9k-n) narrowing towards apex, dorsal margin protruded near apex, with pair of short apical processes extended basad, with small tooth subapically on ventral margin of process; dorsal apodeme large, lamellate; preatrial process longer than shaft, apex curved caudad, smooth, without sculpture, connection between shaft and preatrial process wide and inflexible; gonopore subapical. Etymology. The new specific epithet is derived from Latin adjective "obuncus" which means hooked, referring to the hooked anal tube appendage.
Diagnosis. The new species differs from most of the other species of the genus in having a longer and thinner body with the head narrower than the pronotum. In these respects, it is similar to two other species previously described from the Republic of Congo (Odzala): A. stehliki Dworakowska, 1974 andA. metcalfi Dworakowska, 1974. The male genitalia are most similar to A. simillima Dworakowska, 1971, but the style is concave on the apical margin and has a small process on the preapical lobe, the aedeagal shaft is longer, the apical processes of the shaft are longer and the connection between the shaft and the preatrial process is much wider.
Imbecilla Dworakowska, 1970a: 703 Type species: Erythroneura lubiae China, 1931, by original designation Description. Body robust and short, mostly 2.0 to 3.0 mm. Crown fore margin broadly rounded apically, coronal suture visible at least basally. Head including eyes as wide as or wider than pronotum. Ocelli rudimentary with elongated, crescent-shaped vestiges. Face convex in profile. Pronotum with lateral margins parallel or divergent posteriorly in dorsal view, hind margin concave. Forewing (Figs 10a,11a) with four apical cells almost equal in length and width, third apical cell narrow basally and wide apically, AA and AP fused. Hind wing (Figs 10b,11a) with or without RA.
Male abdominal apodemes 2S narrow, extended to sternite IV-VI. Anal tube sclerotized distally, without appendages.
Male genital capsule short, length subequal to width, sclerotized. Pygofer lobe usually membranous at lower ventral margin, with spicules on distal part, with some fine setae near ventral margin; dorsal appendage articulated to lobe, lamellate, sometimes with additional process; ventral appendage absent. Subgenital plate surpassing hind margin of pygofer lobe, broadened subbasally, evenly tapered from subbase to apex, outer margin with inner plica, usually forming pigmented protrusion medially, with group or row of peg-like microsetae on subbasal angle and continued with rigid microsetae, with some microsetae scattered on distal disc and about 2-3 macrosetae subbasally near outer margin. Style with second extension apically, usually elongated; preapical lobe distinct, usually with sensory setae. Connective lamellate, manubrium usually narrow, central lobe well developed. Aedeagal shaft tubular; dorsal apodeme long, widened in caudal view; preatrium short, usually with pair of long preatrial processes; gonopore apical or subapical.
Distribution. Central African Republic; Republic of Congo; Ethiopia; Guinea; Israel; Ivory Coast; Lebanon; Nigeria; Sudan; Uganda.
Diagnosis. This genus is similar to Empoascanara Distant, 1918, but the head is usually wider, the fourth apical cell of the forewing is as long as the third one, the subgenital plate is evenly tapered from subbase to apex and the style has second extension.
Note: Imbecilla viridus Ahmed, 1979, here considered a species incertae sedis within Erythroneurini, is not included in the key. 10c,d) with additional thin process on dorso-caudal angle, directed ventrad. Subgenital plate (Figs 10c,f) with about 3 macrosetae, with peg-like setae from subbase to middle and rigid setae from subbase to apex. Style (Fig. 10g) with second extension very long and curved mesad, with setae on preapical lobe and sensory pits basally on middle part. Connective (Fig. 10h) with manubrium wide, central lobe convex on apical margin. Aedeagal shaft (Fig. 10i,j) slender, curved subbasally; preatrial processes longer and thicker than shaft, apices slightly bifurcated; gonopore terminal on ventral side.
Measurement. Male length 2.50mm, female length 2.75mm. Material examined. Holotype: ♂, REPUBLIC OF CONGO, Dept. Pool, Iboubikro site, Lesio-Loun Pk, 340m, 03°16.196'S, 015°28.267 'E, 25.viii.2008, coll. Braet & Sharkey. Paratypes: 2♂, same data as holotype except 29.viii.2008.
Etymology. The specific epithet is derived from Latin adjective "bifurcus" which means forked, referring to the forked preatrial processes.
Diagnosis. This species is very similar to I. debilis Dworakowska, 1970a, but the pygofer dorsal appendage is shorter and has an additional process close to the basal appendage, the aedeagal shaft is curved and the preatrial processes are bifurcated apically. Dworakowska, 1974 (Figs 25q-t) Imbecilla cretinica Dworakowska, 1974: 194, Figs 484-488 Material examined. 4♂, REPUBLIC OF CONGO, Dept. Pool, Iboubikro site, Lesio-Loun Pk, 340m, 03°16.196'S, 015°28.267'E, 29.viii.2008, coll. Braet & Sharkey; 1♂, CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC, Prefecture Sangha-Mbaéré, Parc National de Dzanga-Ndoki, Mabéa Bai, 21.4km, 53º NE Bayanga, 3º02.01'N, 16º24.57'E, 510m, 01-02.v.2001, Malaise trap, Lowland Rainforest, marsh clearing, coll. S. van Noort (IMC).
remarks. This is a new recorded for Central African Republic. Distribution. Republic of Congo; Central African Republic. Description. Ground color yellowish-brown (specimens preserved in ethanol before examination). Anterior part of vertex, frontoclypeal area and anteclypeus black, lorum and gena dark brown, eyes grey. Pronotum with midline and hind margin infuscated. Mesonotum with basal triangles light, midline infuscated. Forewing dark with brochosome field dark. Head wider than pronotum. (Figs 25u-x) Male abdominal apodemes 2S (Fig. 11c) extended to middle of sternite IV. Pygofer lobe (Fig. 11d) with dorsal margin angulately emarginate, hind margin truncate; dorsal appendage (Figs 11d, e) nearly triangular, directed ventrad. Subgenital plate (Figs 11d, g) with long, spine-like process subapically, directing inwards, with about 2 macrosetae and reduced marginal rigid setae. Style (Fig. 11h) with second extension moderately long, without setae but sensory pits on preapical lobe. Connective (Fig. 11i) with manubrium narrow, central lobe convex on apical margin. Aedeagal shaft (Figs 11j, k) slender, slightly sinuated, with pair of thin processes basally, as long as shaft, apex serrated; without preatrial processes; gonopore terminal on ventral side.
Measurement. Male length 2.35-2.50mm. Material examined. Holotype: ♂, REPUBLIC OF CONGO, Dept. Pool, Iboubikro site, Lesio-Loun Pk, 340m, 03°16.196'S, 015°28.267 'E, 29.viii.2008, coll. Braet & Sharkey. Paratypes: 1♂, same data as holotype; 3♂, same data except 25.viii.2008; 1♂, same data except 12-18.viii.2008.
Etymology. The specific epithet is derived from Latin adjective "spinalis" which means spined, referring to the spine-like process of the subgenital plate.
Diagnosis. This species is unique within the genus in having a spine-like process on the subgenital plate. It lacks the preatrial processes, but has a pair of long basal processes on the aedeagus.
Lublinia Dworakowska, 1970b: 629 Type species: Erythroneura gediensis Linnavuori, 1962, by original designation Description. Body robust and short, mostly 2.0 to 3.0 mm. Head wider than pronotum, crown fore margin usually broadly rounded apically, coronal suture visible basally. Ocelli rudimentary with elongated, crescent-shaped vestiges. Face convex or flat in profile. Pronotum relatively short, lateral margins parallel or slightly divergent posteriorly in dorsal view, hind margin concave. Forewing (Fig. 12a) with first and third apical cell broad, second and fourth apical cell narrow, fourth cell not reaching tip of wing, slightly shorter than third, AA and AP fused. Hind wing (Fig. 12b) with or without RA.
Male abdominal apodemes 2S broad, extended to sternite IV-V. Anal tube slightly sclerotized apically, without appendages.
Male genital capsule short, length subequal to width, moderately sclerotized. Pygofer lobe with spicules medially or near caudal margin, with some fine setae medially and near ventral margin; dorsal appendage usually articulated to lobe, lamellate, curved ventrad; ventral appendage extended from ventro-caudal angle of lobe, thin, sometimes with tooth-like inner margin. Subgenital plate short but surpassing hind margin of pygofer lobe, angulately protruded subbasally, apical part pigmented and bent dorsad, with about 2-3 macrosetae medially near outer margin, with group of thickened microsetae on subbasal angle, continued with row of rigid microsetae to apex and a few rigid, long microsetae basad, with some microsetae scattered on distal disc. Style with apical part foot-like, preapical lobe large, with some sensory pits near or on preapical lobe. Connective V-shaped or U-shaped, lateral arms thick, manubrium narrow to broad, without central lobe. Aedeagal shaft tubular, usually with pair of thin processes apically; dorsal apodeme well developed; preatrium rudimentary or short; gonopore terminal.
Distribution. Republic of Congo; Israel; Ivory Coast; South Africa; Sudan; Uganda. remarks. This is the first record of the genus for Republic of Congo.
Diagnosis. This genus is similar to Lamtoana Dworakowska, 1972b, but the apical part of the subgenital plate is darker and curved dorsad more strongly, the style is wider apically and flat, and the aedeagus has well developed dorsal apodeme.
1
Aedeagus with pair of long lateral processes apically, basal processes absent (Fig. 12l Material examined. Holotype: ♂, REPUBLIC OF CONGO, Dept. Pool, Iboubikro site, Lesio-Loun Pk, 340m, 03°16.196'S, 015°28.267'E, 29.viii.2008, coll. Braet & Sharkey. Paratype: 1♂, same data as holotype except 25.viii.2008.
Etymology. The new specific epithet is derived from Latin adjective "anchoroides" which means anchorshaped, referring to the anchor-shaped aedeagus in caudal view.
Diagnosis. The new species differs from the other species of the genus in having the crown fore margin angulate, the face flattened, the dorsal appendage fused to the pygofer lobe and the aedeagal processes curving away from the shaft apically.
Molopopterus Jacobi, 1910: 133;Dworakowska, 1973: 39;Theron, 1978: 31 Melopopterus Mayné & Ghesquière, 1934: 27 (Misspelling) Type species: Molopopterus nigriplaga Jacobi, 1910, by original designation Description. Body short to medium sized, mostly 2.0 to 3.5 mm, robust. Head as wide as or wider than pronotum, crown fore margin subparallel to hind margin, coronal suture distinct. Ocelli fully developed, round, on or near crown anterior margin. Face convex in profile. Pronotum with lateral margins parallel or slightly divergent posteriorly in dorsal view, hind margin strongly concave. Forewing with four apical cells almost equal in length and width, AA and AP present or absent. Hind wing with or without RA.
Male abdominal apodemes 2S relatively broad, extended to sternite IV-V, sometimes apodemes 3T present, broader than apodemes 2S. Anal tube long, sclerotized distally, without appendage.
Male genital capsule cylindrical, sclerotized. Pygofer lobe long, angulately produced distally, membranous on ventro-caudal margin, with spicules on distal part, with fine setae near ventral margin and few microsetae near distal angle; dorsal appendage usually absent or very small; ventral appendage absent. Subgenital plate short, usually not surpassing hind margin of pygofer lobe, angulately protruded subbasally and narrowing towards apex, apex rounded, with about 2-5 small macrosetae near middle, with irregular rows of marginal microsetae from subbase to apex, size various, with some microsetae scattered on distal disc. Style with apical part short to long, foot-like, basal part short, preapical lobe developed, small to large, with sensory setae on or above preapical lobe, sometimes also with sensory setae basad of middle part. Connective lamellate, usually triangular, manubrium narrow to broad, central lobe as long as lateral arms. Aedeagal shaft tubular, with or without processes; atrium long and narrow, usually gradually narrowing from base of atrium to apex of shaft, with deep cleft between dorsal apodeme and preatrium, some southern African species with preatrium expanded at connection with shaft; gonopore subapical or apical, dorsal or ventral.
Distribution. Burkina Faso; Republic of Congo; Ethiopia; Ivory Coast; Nigeria; South Africa; Sri Lanka; Sudan; Uganda.
Diagnosis. This genus is one of the few erythroneurine genera possessing fully developed ocelli. It is similar to Imbecilla Dworakowska externally, but the male genitalia are different: the pygofer lobe is longer and produced distally, the pygofer dorsal appendage is absent or very small, the style lacks a second extension apically and the atrium of the aedeagus has a deep cleft between the dorsal apodeme and the preatrium.
Note: M. mallyi (Cogan, 1916) and M. nigriplaga Jacobi, 1910, known only from females, are not included in the key. M. velox Vayssière, 1930 andM. binotatulus Vayssière, 1930 are excluded from Erythroneurini according to the illustrations of their wing venation. M. velox is moved to Empoascini as a species Incertae sedis. M. binotatulus is consistent with Typhlocybini in hind wing venation, but its forewing venation is unusual, therefore is considered as a species Incertae sedis within Typhlocybinae. Pygofer lobe (Fig. 14b) with distal angle somewhat blunt, with relatively dense fine setae and microsetae. Subgenital plate (Figs 14b,d) with about 3 macrosetae, marginal setae numerous, differentiated into three groups: basal group long and thick; middle group peg-like, from subbase to subapex; apical group rigid, relatively long and sparse. Style (Fig. 14e) with apical part robust, with transverse whorl-like sculptures; preapical lobe relatively small, with row of sensory setae above preapical lobe. Connective (Fig. 14f) with manubrium very wide. Aedeagal shaft (Figs 14g, h) thin and long, slightly curved, apex acuminate, with pair of thin processes subapically on dorsal margin directed basad and close to shaft; dorsal apodeme slightly expanded dorsad; preatrium and dorsal apodeme closely appressed, cleft narrow; gonopore subapical on dorsal side.
Measurement. Male length 2.90mm. Material examined. Holotype: ♂, REPUBLIC OF CONGO, Dept. Pool, Iboubikro site, Lesio-Loun Pk, 340m, 03°16.196'S, 015°28.267'E, 01.vi-18.vii.2008, sweeping, coll. Sharkey. Etymology. The new specific epithet is derived from Latin adjective "hastatus" which means "with spear", referring to the spear-like apex of the aedeagal shaft.
Diagnosis. This species can be distinguished from the other species of the genus by the large group of peg-like setae medially on the subgenital plate, the apical whorl-like sculpture of the style and the spear-like apex of the aedeagal shaft. Dworakowska, 1973 (Figs 15, 26m-p) Molopopterus parajota Dworakowska, 1973: 44, Figs 6-10, 60-63 Material examined. 1♂, REPUBLIC OF CONGO, Dept. Pool, Iboubikro site, Lesio-Loun Pk, 340m, 03°16.196'S, 015°28.267'E, 25.viii.2008, coll. Braet x) Male abdominal apodemes 2S (Fig. 17a) extended to middle of sternite IV, apodemes 3T (Fig. 17b) broad but short, not reaching hind margin of sternite III.
Pygofer lobe (Fig. 17c) long, apex somewhat blunt, without microsetae on distal half. Subgenital plate (Figs 17c, e) with about 2 macrosetae, with group of thickened microsetae on subbasal angle and continued with irregular rows of rigid microsetae to apex. Style (Fig. 17f) with foot-like apex short and region between it and middle part long, preapical lobe relatively small, with row of sensory setae on preapical lobe. Connective (Fig. 17g) with manubrium relatively broad. Aedeagal shaft (Figs 17h, i) thin and relatively long, slightly arcuate, without process, atrium almost as long as shaft, dorsal apodeme closely appressed to preatrium; gonopore terminal on dorsal side.
Measurement. Male length 3.60mm.
Material examined. Holotype: ♂, UGANDA, Kibale National Park, Kanyawara, Makerere University Biological Field Station, 1484m, 0º34.405'N, 30º21.646'E, 02-12.viii.2005, Malaise trap, primary mid-altitude Rainforest, near stream, coll. S.van Noort (IMC). 1. Lamtoana flavoscuta (Naudé, 1926) (Figs 18, Erythroneura flavoscuta Naudé, 1926: 102 Lamtoana flavoscuta : Theron, 1988: 199, Figs 105-116 Material examined. 3♂, REPUBLIC OF CONGO, Dept. Pool, Iboubikro site, Lesio-Loun Pk, 340m, 03°16.196'S, 015°28.267'E, 29.viii.2008, coll. Braet & Sharkey;2♂, same data except 25.viii.2008;1♂, CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC, Prefecture Sangha-Mbaéré, Parc National de Dzanga-Ndoki, 38.6km, 173º S Lidjombo, 2º21.60'N, 16º03.20'E, 350m, 22-23.v.2001, Malaise trap, Lowland rainforest, coll. S. van Noort (IMC).
Distribution. Republic of Congo; Central African Republic. remarks. This is a new record for Republic of Congo. Ahmed, 1979 (Figs 19, 27e-h) Lamtoana nakulabica Ahmed, 1979: 38, Figs 15A-15G Material examined. 2♂, UGANDA, Kibale National Park, Kanyawara, Makerere University Biological Field Station, 1505m, 0º33.859'N, 30º21.630'E, 5-12.viii.2005, Malaise trap, primary mid-altitude Rainforest, coll. S.van Noort (IMC). Distribution. Uganda. f) with about 4 macrosetae. Style (Fig. 27g) with pointed, tooth-like process extended form subapical inner edge of apical part, upper part of preapical lobe weakly sclerotized and serrated. Connective (Fig. 27h) with manubrium wide and long, lateral arms thick and short. Aedeagus (Figs 27i,j) with apical processes moderately long, extended away from shaft in caudal view; dorsal apodeme well developed, widened in caudal view.
Measurement. Male length 3.50mm. Material examined. Holotype: ♂, UGANDA, Kibale National Park, Kanyawara, Makerere University Biological Field Station, 1587m, 0º33.408'N, 30º22.603'E, 30.vii-05.viii.2005, Malaise trap, degraded mid-altitude Rainforest, coll. S.van Noort (IMC).
Etymology. The new specific epithet is derived from Latin adjective "exiguus" which means short, small, referring to the short pygofer ventral appendage.
Diagnosis. This species can be distinguished from the other species the genus by the shortened pygofer ventral appendage, presence of a tooth-like process on the style and by the well-developed dorsal apodeme.
Nsesa Dworakowska, 1974: 233 Type species: Nsesa matteba Dworakowska, 1974, by original designation
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