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1. Crowd space: a predictive crowd analysis technique

   https://doi.org/10.1145/3272127.3275079  

   Karamouzas, Ioannis; Sohre, Nick; Hu, Ran; Guy, Stephen J. (January 2019, ACM Transactions on Graphics)
2. Crowd development

   https://doi.org/10.1109/CHASE.2013.6614737  

   LaToza, Thomas D.; Ben Towne, W.; van der Hoek, Andre; Herbsleb, James D. (May 2013, International Workshop on Cooperative and Human Aspects of Software Engineering (CHASE))

   Crowd development is a development process designed for transient workers of varying skill. Work is organized into microtasks, which are short, self-descriptive, and modular. Microtasks recursively spawn microtasks and are matched to workers, who accrue points reflecting value created. Crowd development might help to reduce time to market and software development costs, increase programmer productivity, and make programming more fun. 

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3. Crowd Teaching with Imperfect Labels

   https://doi.org/10.1145/3366423.3380099  

   Zhou, Yao; Nelakurthi, Arun Reddy; Maciejewski, Ross; Fan, Wei; He, Jingrui (April 2020, Proceedings of The Web Conference 2020)
4. Sketching Vocabulary for Crowd Motion

   Mathew, Tharindu; Benes, Bedrich; Aliaga, Daniel (September 2022, ACM SIGGRAPH / Eurographics Symposium on Computer Animation)

   This paper proposes and evaluates a sketching language to author crowd motion. It focuses on the path, speed, thickness, and density parameters of crowd motion. A sketch-based vocabulary is proposed for each parameter and evaluated in a user study against complex crowd scenes. A sketch recognition pipeline converts the sketches into a crowd simulation. The user study results show that 1) participants at various skill levels and can draw accurate crowd motion through sketching, 2) certain sketch styles lead to a more accurate representation of crowd parameters, and 3) sketching allows to produce complex crowd motions in a few seconds. The results show that some styles although accurate actually are less preferred over less accurate ones. 

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5. The Crowd-Emotion-Amplification Effect

   https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797620970561  

   Goldenberg, Amit; Weisz, Erika; Sweeny, Timothy_D; Cikara, Mina; Gross, James_J (February 2021, Psychological Science)

   How do people go about reading a room or taking the temperature of a crowd? When people catch a brief glimpse of an array of faces, they can focus their attention on only some of the faces. We propose that perceivers preferentially attend to faces exhibiting strong emotions and that this generates a crowd-emotion-amplification effect—estimating a crowd’s average emotional response as more extreme than it actually is. Study 1 ( N = 50) documented the crowd-emotion-amplification effect. Study 2 ( N = 50) replicated the effect even when we increased exposure time. Study 3 ( N = 50) used eye tracking to show that attentional bias to emotional faces drives amplification. These findings have important implications for many domains in which individuals must make snap judgments regarding a crowd’s emotionality, from public speaking to controlling crowds. 

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