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1. Elusive effects of legalized wolf hunting on human-wolf interactions

   https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adu8945  

   Merz, Leandra M; von_Hohenberg, Bernhard Clemm; Bergmann, Nicolas T; Bruskotter, Jeremy T; Carter, Neil H (August 2025, Science Advances)

   Expanding gray wolf (Canis lupus) populations in Europe and North America contribute to increased risks of livestock predation, which can threaten human livelihoods and lead government agencies to target wolves for lethal removal. Public wolf hunting is a highly contentious strategy for mitigating these risks, yet few empirical studies examine its effectiveness in doing so. Using difference-in-differences and structural equation modeling of data from the northwestern US between 2005 and 2021, we analyzed impacts of wolf hunting on livestock predation by wolves and government removal of wolves in the same year and with a 1-year time lag while controlling for social and environmental variables. We found that public wolf hunting had a small negative effect on livestock predation but had no effect on government lethal removal of wolves in the same or subsequent years. Our findings challenge the assumption that wolf hunting is an effective management strategy for reducing livestock predation and lethal removal. 

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2. Adaptive grey wolf optimizer

   https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-021-06885-9  

   Meidani, Kazem; Hemmasian, AmirPouya; Mirjalili, Seyedali; Barati Farimani, Amir (March 2022, Neural Computing and Applications)
3. Observation of Boyer-Wolf Gaussian modes

   https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-49456-x  

   Tschernig, Konrad; Guacaneme, David; Mhibik, Oussama; Divliansky, Ivan; Bandres, Miguel A (December 2024, Nature Communications)

   Abstract Stable laser resonators support three fundamental families of transverse modes: the Hermite, Laguerre, and Ince Gaussian modes. These modes are crucial for understanding complex resonators, beam propagation, and structured light. We experimentally observe a new family of fundamental laser modes in stable resonators: Boyer-Wolf Gaussian modes. By studying the isomorphism between laser cavities and quadratic Hamiltonians, we design a laser resonator equivalent to a quantum two-dimensional anisotropic harmonic oscillator with a 2:1 frequency ratio. The generated Boyer-Wolf Gaussian modes exhibit a parabolic structure and show remarkable agreement with our theoretical predictions. These modes are also eigenmodes of a 2:1 anisotropic gradient refractive index medium, suggesting their presence in any physical system with a 2:1 anisotropic quadratic potential. We identify a transition connecting Boyer-Wolf Gaussian modes to Weber nondiffractive parabolic beams. These new modes are foundational for structured light, and open exciting possibilities for applications in laser micromachining, particle micromanipulation, and optical communications. 

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4. Lycodon alcalai (Alcala’s Wolf Snake). Diet.

   Griffing, A. H.; Gamble, T.; Heinicke, M. P.; Brown, J. C.; Siler, C. D. (January 2019, Herpetological review)
5. LYCODON ALCALAI (Alcala’s Wolf Snake). DIET.

   Griffing, Aaron H.; Gamble, T.; Heinicke, Matthew P.; Brown, Joseph C.; Siler, Cameron D. (October 2019, Herpetological review)

   Lycodon alcalai is a small, terrestrial snake endemic to the northern Philippines where it is known from the islands of Batan (70 km2), Sabtang (16 km2), and Calayan (196 km2; Ota and Ross 1994. Copeia 1994:159–174; Oliveros et al. 2011. Sci. Pap. Nat. Hist. Mus. Univ. Kans. 43:1–20). Although L. alcalai has been reported to prey upon Common Tree Frogs (Polypedates leucomystax) and unidentified, soft-shelled reptilian eggs (Ota and Ross 1994, op. cit.), little natural history information is available for this species. Here, we report on a new diet item for L. alcalai: an as of yet undescribed species of scaly-toed gecko (Lepidodactylus). 

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