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1. Liquid Sampling-Atmospheric Pressure Glow Discharge Ionization as a Technique for the Characterization of Salt-Containing Organic Samples

   https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.0c00361  

   Alves, Michael R. ; Sauer, Jon S. ; Prather, Kimberly A. ; Grassian, Vicki H. ; Wilkins, Charles L. ( July 2020 , Analytical Chemistry)
2. Melting transition of two-dimensional complex plasma crystal in the DC glow discharge

   https://doi.org/10.1088/2516-1067/ab1f30  

   Jaiswal, S ; Thomas, E ( June 2019 , Plasma Research Express)
3. Recent advances in surface elemental mapping via glow discharge atomic spectrometry

   https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sab.2018.06.015  

   Gamez, Gerardo ; Finch, Kevin ( October 2018 , Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy)
4. High-throughput single pixel spectral imaging system for glow discharge optical emission spectrometry elemental mapping enabled by compressed sensing

   https://doi.org/10.1039/D2JA00021K  

   Gamez, Gerardo ; She, Yue ; Rivera, Paola ; Shi, Songyue ; Finch, Kevin ( February 2022 , Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry)

   Glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy elemental mapping (GDOES EM), enabled by spectral imaging strategies, is an advantageous technique for direct multi-elemental analysis of solid samples in rapid timeframes. Here, a single-pixel, or point scan, spectral imaging system based on compressed sensing image sampling, is developed and optimized in terms of matrix density, compression factor, sparsifying basis, and reconstruction algorithm for coupling with GDOES EM. It is shown that a 512 matrix density at a compression factor of 30% provides the highest spatial fidelity in terms of the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and complex wavelet structural similarity index measure (cw-SSIM) while maintaining fast measurement times. The background equivalent concentration (BEC) of Cu I at 510.5 nm is improved when implementing the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) sparsifying basis and Two-step Iterative Shrinking/Thresholding Algorithm for Linear Inverse Problems (TwIST) reconstruction algorithm. Utilizing these optimum conditions, a GDOES EM of a flexible, etched-copper circuit board was then successfully demonstrated with the compressed sensing single-pixel spectral imaging system (CSSPIS). The newly developed CSSPIS allows taking advantage of the significant cost-efficiency of point-scanning approaches (>10× vs. intensified array detector systems), while overcoming (up to several orders of magnitude) their inherent and substantial throughput limitations. Ultimately, itmore »has the potential to be implemented on readily available commercial GDOES instruments by adapting the collection optics.« less
5. Specific energy cost for nitrogen fixation as NO _x using DC glow discharge in air

   https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/ab5095  

   Pei, Xuekai ; Gidon, Dogan ; Graves, David B. ( November 2019 , Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics)

   We report on factors influencing the specific energy costs of producing NO_xfrom pin-to-pin DC glow discharges in air at atmospheric pressure. Discharge current, gap distance, gas flowrate, exterior tube wall temperature and the presence and position of activated Al₂O₃catalyst powder were examined. The presence of heated catalyst adjacent to the plasma zone improved energy efficiency by as much as 20% at low flows, but the most energy efficient conditions were found at the highest flowrates that allowed a stable discharge (about 10–15 l min⁻¹). Under these conditions, the catalyst had no effect on efficiency in the present study. The lowest specific energy cost was observed to be between about 200–250 GJ/tN. The transport of active chemical species and energy are likely key factors controlling the specific energy costs of NO_xproduction in the presence of a catalyst. Air plasma device design and operating conditions must ensure that plasma-generated active intermediate chemical species transport is optimally coupled with catalytically active surfaces.