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1. In-vivo and Ex-vivo Calcium Imaging of an Olfactory Circuit Neuron in the Third-Instar Drosophila melanogaster Larva

   https://doi.org/10.3791/68956  

   Cheung, Dilys; Jain, Roshni; Kolhe, Rutuj; Brown, Elizabeth; Mathew, Dennis (October 2025, Journal of Visualized Experiments)

   Calcium imaging is crucial for studying neural dynamics and brain function. However, current methods for imaging calcium in Drosophila larvae are challenging due to motion artifacts and specialized equipment needs. Here, we present a practical, low-cost method for performing both in vivo and ex vivo calcium imaging in third-instar Drosophila larvae, using a topical tissue adhesive for immobilizing samples. We also provide custom R scripts and a framework for data analysis, facilitating measurements of calcium changes under different experimental conditions. Using this approach, we successfully recorded calcium transients in a pair of larval CNS neurons with minimal motion artifacts, demonstrating reproducibility across preparations. The method is compatible with standard spinning disk confocal systems and can be adapted for DIY or commercial two-photon setups, making it accessible to laboratories with different resources. This approach may increase accessibility to larval calcium imaging studies and can be adapted to examine the effects of both external stimuli, such as odors, and internal stimuli, such as neuromodulators. 

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2. Deriving a complex BIN through adverbial BIN complexes

   https://doi.org/10.3765/plsa.v7i1.5288  

   Whitmal, Ayana (May 2022, Proceedings of the Linguistic Society of America)

   Work by Green (1998) discusses 3 sub-types of stressed BIN in African American English (AAE): stative, habitual, and completive. BIN constructions that co-occur with temporal adverbials exhibit limited grammaticality, with each sub-type differing in how they interact with these adverbials. Non-BIN constructions that involve multiple instances in the same clause of adverbials of the same class exhibit restrictions that resemble BIN + adverbial data. Drawing on works that analyze BIN as a remote past marker (Rickford 1975, Green 1998) and on works connecting adverbial position to interpretation (Ernst 2020), I argue that BIN is an adverbial itself that situates the initiation of an eventuality in the remote past. This adverbial BIN, in concert with certain combinations of tense and aspect, forms a complex that makes up the canonical BIN construction. 

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3. Bioluminescent Optogenetics 2.0: Harnessing Bioluminescence to Activate Photosensory Proteins In Vitro and In Vivo

   https://doi.org/10.3791/62850  

   Crespo, Emmanuel L.; Bjorefeldt, Andreas; Prakash, Mansi; Hochgeschwender, Ute (January 2021, Journal of Visualized Experiments)
4. "Avatar", a Modified Ex vivo Work Loop Experiments Using In vivo Strain and Activation

   https://doi.org/10.3791/65610  

   Bemis, Caitlin; Nishikawa, Kiisa (January 2023, Journal of Visualized Experiments)
5. Acanthemblemaria aceroi, a new species of tube blenny from the Caribbean coast of South America with notes on Acanthemblemaria johnsoni (Teleostei: Chaenopsidae)

   https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4816.2.5  

   HASTINGS, PHILIP A.; EYTAN, RON I.; SUMMERS, ADAM P. (July 2020, Zootaxa)

   null (Ed.)

   Acanthemblemaria aceroi new species is described from the upwelling region of the Caribbean coasts of Venezuela and Colombia. It differs from its closest relative, Acanthemblemaria rivasi Stephens, 1970, known from Panama and Costa Rica, in the posterior extent of the infraorbitals, details of head spination, and unique COI sequences. The description of Acanthemblemaria johnsonsi Almany & Baldwin, 1996, heretofore known only from Tobago, is expanded based on specimens from islands offshore of eastern Venezuela. 

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