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   https://doi.org/10.1364/OFC.2019.W3J.7  

   Tang, Yu ; Huang, Min-Yu ; Chen, You-Wei ; Peng, Peng-Chun ; Wang, Hua ; Chang, Gee-Kung ( January 2019 , 2019 Optical Fiber Communications Conference and Exhibition (OFC))
2. Ion–Ion Equilibration and Particle Distributions in a 3000 km s ⁻¹ Shock in SN 1006

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   Raymond, J. C. ; Winkler, P. F. ; Blair, W. P. ; Laming, J. M. ( December 2017 , The Astrophysical Journal)
3. Diurnal Characteristics of Gravity Waves over the Tibetan Plateau in 2015 Summer Using 10-km Downscaled Simulations from WRF-EnKF Regional Reanalysis

   https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos11060631  

   Qian, Tingting ; Zhang, Fuqing ; Wei, Junhong ; He, Jie ; Lu, Yinghui ( June 2020 , Atmosphere)

   Diurnal variations of gravity waves over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) in summer 2015 were investigated based on high-resolution downscaled simulations from WRF-EnKF (Weather Research and Forecasting model and an ensemble Kalman filter) regional reanalysis data with particular emphasis on wave source, wave momentum fluxes and wave energies. Strong diurnal precipitations, which mainly happen along the south slope of the TP, tend to excite upward-propagating gravity waves. The spatial and temporal distributions of the momentum fluxes of small-scale (10–200 km) and meso-scale (200–500 km) gravity waves agree well with the diurnal precipitation distributions. The power spectra of momentum fluxes also showmore »that the small- and meso-scale atmospheric processes become important during the period of the strongest rainfall. Eastward momentum fluxes and northward momentum fluxes are dominant. Wave energies are described in terms of kinetic energy (KE), potential energy (PE) and vertical fluctuation energy (VE). The diurnal variation and spatial distribution of VE in the lower stratosphere correspond to the diurnal rainfall in the troposphere.« less
4. In Situ Growth of Halophilic Bacteria in Saline Fracture Fluids from 2.4 km below Surface in the Deep Canadian Shield

   https://doi.org/10.3390/life10120307  

   Wilpiszeski, Regina L. ; Sherwood Lollar, Barbara ; Warr, Oliver ; House, Christopher H. ( December 2020 , Life)

   Energy derived from water-rock interactions such as serpentinization and radiolysis, among others, can sustain microbial ecosystems deep within the continental crust, expanding the habitable biosphere kilometers below the earth’s surface. Here, we describe a viable microbial community including sulfate-reducing microorganisms from one such subsurface lithoautotrophic ecosystem hosted in fracture waters in the Canadian Shield, 2.4 km below the surface in the Kidd Creek Observatory in Timmins, Ontario. The ancient groundwater housed in fractures in this system was previously shown to be rich in abiotically produced hydrogen, sulfate, methane, and short-chain hydrocarbons. We have further investigated this system by collecting filteredmore »water samples and deploying sterile in situ biosampler units into boreholes to provide an attachment surface for the actively growing fraction of the microbial community. Scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and DNA sequencing analyses were undertaken to classify the recovered microorganisms. Moderately halophilic taxa (e.g., Marinobacter, Idiomarina, Chromohalobacter, Thiobacillus, Hyphomonas, Seohaeicola) were recovered from all sampled boreholes, and those boreholes that had previously been sealed to equilibrate with the fracture water contained taxa consistent with sulfate reduction (e.g., Desulfotomaculum) and hydrogen-driven homoacetogenesis (e.g., Fuchsiella). In contrast to this “corked” borehole that has been isolated from the mine environment for approximately 7 years at the time of sampling, we sampled additional open boreholes. The waters flowing freely from these open boreholes differ from those of the long-sealed borehole. This work complements ongoing efforts to describe the microbial diversity in fracture waters at Kidd Creek in order to better understand the processes shaping life in the deep terrestrial subsurface. In particular, this work demonstrates that anaerobic bacteria and known halophilic taxa are present and viable in the fracture waters presently outflowing from existing boreholes. Major cations and anions found in the fracture waters at the 2.4 km level of the mine are also reported.« less
5. Using 4-km WRF CONUS simulations to assess impacts of the surface coupling strength on regional climate simulation

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   Chen, Liang ; Li, Yanping ; Chen, Fei ; Barlage, Michael ; Zhang, Zhe ; Li, Zhenhua ( November 2019 , Climate Dynamics)