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1. Changes at the Edge: Trends in sea ice, ocean temperature, and ocean color at the Northwest Atlantic/Southern Arctic interface

   https://doi.org/doi.org/10.1017/aog.2020.66  

   York, A. V.; Frey, K. E.; Young, L. N. (January 2020, Annals of Glaciology)

   Spatial and temporal trends of remotely sensed sea-ice cover, sea surface temperatures, chlorophyll-a concentration and primary production in the Baffin Bay, Davis Strait and Labrador Sea were analyzed for the 1998–2017 period. We found spatial variability in the trends of these cryospheric, biologic and oceanographic phenomena. For example, in the northern Baffin Bay, we observed decreases in annual sea-ice persistence, yet increases along the Labrador Sea-ice edge during winter, with the latter having significant correlations with broader atmospheric patterns. In general, we observed increases in summer sea surface temperatures across the study region, except a small area of cooling along the southern Greenlandic coast. We also found significant negative trends in April chlorophyll-a and primary production followed by significant positive trends for both biological phenomena in May, owing to anomalously high values in 2014 and 2015. Notably, we found a significant positive correlation between days of monthly sea ice presence in April with May primary production quantities. Finally, we found a significant positive trend in total annual primary production over the study period. This novel finding suggests an important relationship between the timing of breakup along the sea-ice edge and peaks in biological production. 

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2. Hydrovolcanic Explosions at the Lava Ocean Entry of the 2018 Kilauea Eruption Recorded by Ocean-Bottom Seismometers

   https://doi.org/10.1785/0220220195  

   Banerjee, Puja; Shen, Yang (March 2023, Seismological Research Letters)

   Abstract From the beginning of May 2018, the Kilauea Volcano on the island of Hawaii experienced its largest eruption in 200 yr followed by a period of unrest for months. Because hot molten lava entered the ocean from the ocean-entry point near the lower East Rift Zone, the lava–water interaction led to explosions. Some explosions were near the water surface and ejected fragments of lava, also known as lava bombs. In the early morning on 16 July 2018, one of those lava bombs, which was almost the size of a basketball, hit a sightseeing boat and injured 23 people. In this study, we analyzed the hydrophone data recorded from July to mid-September by ocean-bottom seismometers (OBSs) deployed offshore near the ocean entry point to identify and locate the hydroacoustic signals of the lava–water explosions. Acoustic signals of hydrovolcanic explosions are characterized by a short duration (less than a few seconds) and a broad frequency range (at least up to 100 Hz). To automate event detection, a short-term average versus long-term average method was applied to the complete dataset. Approximately 4300 events were detected and located near the coastline and further used to prepare a catalog. The distribution of the lava–water explosions is consistent with the pattern of the offshore lava delta formed during the 2018 eruption. Identifying such hydroacoustic signals recorded by OBSs may provide new avenues of research using various seismoacoustic events associated with volcanic eruptions. 

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3. Biologists ignore ocean weather at their peril

   https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-018-05869-5  

   Bates, Amanda E.; Helmuth, Brian; Burrows, Michael T.; Duncan, Murray I.; Garrabou, Joaquim; Guy-Haim, Tamar; Lima, Fernando; Queiros, Ana M.; Seabra, Rui; Marsh, Robert; et al (August 2018, Nature)
4. Controls on the magmatic fraction of extension at mid-ocean ridges

   https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2020.116541  

   Olive, Jean-Arthur; Dublanchet, Pierre (November 2020, Earth and Planetary Science Letters)

   null (Ed.)
5. Lagrangian Decomposition of the Atlantic Ocean Heat Transport at 26.5°N

   https://doi.org/10.1029/2023GL107399  

   Tooth, Oliver_J; Foukal, Nicholas_P; Johns, William_E; Johnson, Helen_L; Wilson, Chris (July 2024, Geophysical Research Letters)

   Abstract The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) plays a critical role in the global climate system through the redistribution of heat, freshwater and carbon. At 26.5°N, the meridional heat transport has traditionally been partitioned geometrically into vertical and horizontal circulation cells; however, attributing these components to the AMOC and Subtropical Gyre (STG) flow structures remains widely debated. Using water parcel trajectories evaluated within an eddy‐rich ocean hindcast, we present the first Lagrangian decomposition of the meridional heat transport at 26.5°N. We find that water parcels recirculating within the STG account for 37% (0.36 PW) of the total heat transport across 26.5°N, more than twice that of the classical horizontal gyre component (15%). Our findings indicate that STG heat transport cannot be meaningfully distinguished from that of the basin‐scale overturning since water parcels cooled within the gyre subsequently feed the northward, subsurface limb of the AMOC. 

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