Since the first phylogenetic study of the order Batrachospermales, Batrachospermum was shown to be paraphyletic. Subsequently, sections of the genus have been methodically investigated using DNA sequences and morphology in order to propose new genera and delineate species. Batrachospermum section Turfosa is the last section with multiple species yet to be examined. New sequence data of specimens from Europe and the United States were combined with the sparse sequence data already available. Phylogenetic analyses using rbcL and COI- 5P sequences showed this section to be a wellsupported clade, distinct from Batrachospermum section Batrachospermum and its segregate genera. Section Turfosa is raised to the generic rank as Paludicola gen. nov. Substantial genetic variation within the genus was discovered and 12 species are recognized based on DNA sequence data as well as morphological characters and geographic distribution. The following morphological characters were applied to distinguish species: branching pattern (pseudodichotomous or irregular), whorl size (reduced or well developed), primary fascicles (curved or straight), spermatangia origin (primary or secondary fascicles), and carposporophyte arrangement (loose or dense). Previously published species were transferred to the new genus: P. turfosa, P. keratophyta, P. orthosticha, P. phangiae, and P. periploca. Seven new species are proposed as follows: P.more »
Emerging global novelty in phyllobothriidean tapeworms (Cestoda: Phyllobothriidea) from sharks and skates (Elasmobranchii)
Abstract New genera are erected for three clades of tapeworms originally discovered using molecular sequence data. The morphological features of each are characterized after examination of specimens with light and scanning electron microscopy. Rockacestus gen. nov. parasitizes skates. Ruhnkebothrium gen. nov. parasitizes hammerhead sharks. Yamaguticestus gen. nov. parasitizes small squaliform sharks and catsharks. The novelty of these genera is supported by a taxonomically comprehensive molecular phylogenetic analysis of the D1–D3 region of the 28S rDNA gene, which, with the addition of newly generated sequence data, is the first to include representation of 15 of the 18 genera of phyllobothriideans plus the three new genera. Five new species are described from elasmobranchs in the western Atlantic Ocean, the Gulf of California, Chile, the Falkland Islands and South Africa to help circumscribe the new genera. Two of the genera provide appropriate generic homes for ten species of phyllobothriideans from catsharks and skates with uncertain generic affinities and thus resolve longstanding taxonomic issues. Given that these genera parasitize some of the most poorly sampled groups of elasmobranchs (i.e. hammerhead sharks, squaliform sharks, catsharks and skates), based on the strict degree of host specificity observed, we predict that further work on other members of more »
- Publication Date:
- NSF-PAR ID:
- 10250497
- Journal Name:
- Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society
- ISSN:
- 0024-4082
- Sponsoring Org:
- National Science Foundation
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Portunoidea is a diverse lineage of ecologically and economically important marine crabs comprising 8 families and 14 subfamilies. Closely related portunid subfamilies Caphyrinae and Thalamitinae constitute some of this group’s greatest morphological and taxonomic diversity, and are the only known lineages to include symbiotic taxa. Emergence of symbiosis in decapods remains poorly studied and portunoid crabs provide an interesting, but often overlooked example. Yet the paucity of molecular phylogenetic data available for Portunoidea makes it challenging to investigate the evolution and systematics of the group. Phylogenetic analyses, though limited, suggest that many putative portunoid taxa are para- or polyphyletic. Here I augment existing molecular data—significantly increasing taxon sampling of Caphyrinae, Thalamitinae, and several disparate portunoid lineages—to investigate the phylogenetic origin of symbiosis within Portunoidea and reevaluate higher- and lower-level portunoid classifications. Phylogenetic analyses were carried out on sequences of H3, 28S rRNA, 16S rRNA, and CO1 for up to 168 portunoid taxa; this included, for the first time, molecular data from the genera Atoportunus , Brusinia , Caphyra , Coelocarcinus , Gonioinfradens , Raymanninus , and Thalamonyx . Results support the placement of all symbiotic taxa ( Caphyra , Lissocarcinus , and two Thalamita ) in a single clade derivedmore »
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- https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa185
