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   https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-bioeng-110122-010848  

   Woodward, Ian R.; Fromen, Catherine A. (May 2024, Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering)

   There is nothing like a global pandemic to motivate the need for improved respiratory treatments and mucosal vaccines. Stimulated by the COVID-19 pandemic, pulmonary aerosol drug delivery has seen a flourish of activity, building on the prior decades of innovation in particle engineering, inhaler device technologies, and clinical understanding. As such, the field has expanded into new directions and is working toward the efficient delivery of increasingly complex cargos to address a wider range of respiratory diseases. This review seeks to highlight recent innovations in approaches to personalize inhalation drug delivery, deliver complex cargos, and diversify the targets treated and prevented through pulmonary drug delivery. We aim to inform readers of the emerging efforts within the field and predict where future breakthroughs are expected to impact the treatment of respiratory diseases. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering, Volume 26 is May 2024. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates. 

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2. The Year In Genetic Anthropology: New Lands, New Technologies, New Questions: The Year in Review

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3. The Case for Studying New Viruses of New Hosts

   https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-virology-100220-112915  

   Stenglein, Mark D. (September 2022, Annual Review of Virology)

   Virology has largely focused on viruses that are pathogenic to humans or to the other species that we care most about. There is no doubt that this has been a worthwhile investment. But many transformative advances have been made through the in-depth study of relatively obscure viruses that do not appear on lists of prioritized pathogens. In this review, I highlight the benefits that can accrue from the study of viruses and hosts off the beaten track. I take stock of viral sequence diversity across host taxa as an estimate of the bias that exists in our understanding of host-virus interactions. I describe the gains that have been made through the metagenomic discovery of thousands of new viruses in previously unsampled hosts as well as the limitations of metagenomic surveys. I conclude by suggesting that the study of viruses that naturally infect existing and emerging model organisms represents an opportunity to push virology forward in useful and hard to predict ways. 

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4. New Version, New Answer: Investigating Cybersecurity Static-Analysis Tool Findings

   https://doi.org/10.1109/CSR57506.2023.10224930  

   Reinhold, Ann Marie; Weber, Travis; Lemak, Colleen; Reimanis, Derek; Izurieta, Clemente (July 2023, IEEE International Conference on Cybersecurity and Resilience, CSR 2023)

   Automated detection of vulnerabilities and weaknesses in binary code is a critical need at the frontier of cybersecurity research. Cybersecurity static-analysis tools aim to detect and enumerate vulnerabilities and weaknesses. Two popular tools are CVE Binary Tool (cve-bin-tool) and cwechecker. Cve-bin-tool reports vulnerabilities using Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) whereas cwe-checker reports weaknesses using Common Weakness Enumeration (CWE). Despite widespread use, the consistency with which these tools report vulnerabilities and weaknesses (herein, “findings”) was unaddressed. We conducted a systematic investigation of 660 unique binaries taken from a Kali Linux distribution, evaluated each binary with multiple versions of the static-analysis tools, and investigated how the findings changed according to the version of the static-analysis tool used. We expected some variation in findings commensurate with the software-development life cycle. However, we were surprised by the number and magnitude of the changes in findings reported across versions. New versions gave new answers. 

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5. New genres and obsolete expertise in the new textiles economy

   https://doi.org/10.1080/17530350.2022.2087719  

   Lynch, Caitrin; Coppola, Adam; Holmes, Andrew; Rosner, Margaret (September 2022, Journal of Cultural Economy)

   This paper examines the role of distinctions between genres in conflicts over expertise in an American textile mill. Riverway is a struggling 150-year-old New England textile mill where members of a diverse workforce focus on producing high quality fabric in a context that demands daily adaptive expertise. Based on fieldwork from 2015–19, we examine how Riverway workers interacted with documentation systems at the mill. They engaged with managers and coworkers around new forms of technology and shifting valuations about skill and expertise, and, in the process, made sense of their roles as workers in a declining industry where their skills and forms of expertise were nearly obsolete. Through analysis of conflicts in the mill, we examine how members of the mill's community of practice made sense of a changing genre ecology of tools for communicating, recording information, communicating asynchronously, and asserting expertise. We show how technologies for making fabric and communicating about fabric production became symbols of valuations tangentially linked to production. These technologies became lightning rods for debates about expertise, skill, and knowledge, and for everyday distinctions that workers and managers made about the value of their work during a time of economic change marked by mill closures. 

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