The crystal structures of three β-halolactic acids have been determined, namely, β-chlorolactic acid (systematic name: 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropanoic acid, C 3 H 5 ClO 3 ) (I), β-bromolactic acid (systematic name: 3-bromo-2-hydroxypropanoic acid, C 3 H 5 BrO 3 ) (II), and β-iodolactic acid (systematic name: 2-hydroxy-3-iodopropanoic acid, C 3 H 5 IO 3 ) (III). The number of molecules in the asymmetric unit of each crystal structure ( Z ′) was found to be two for I and II, and one for III, making I and II isostructural and III unique. The difference between the molecules in the asymmetric units of I and II is due to the direction of the hydrogen bond of the alcohol group to a neighboring molecule. Molecular packing shows that each structure has alternating layers of intermolecular hydrogen bonding and halogen–halogen interactions. Hirshfeld surfaces and two-dimensional fingerprint plots were analyzed to further explore the intermolecular interactions of these structures. In I and II, energy minimization is achieved by lowering of the symmetry to adopt two independent molecular conformations in the asymmetric unit.
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Fullerene nanostructures: how the oblong shape of C 70 forms a cocrystal with an enormous asymmetric unit and related cocrystals
Cocrystallization of Ni II (OEP) (where OEP is the dianion of octaethylporphyrin) with C 70 in p -xylene produces black plates of 12Ni II (OEP)·12C 70 ·18 p -xylene ( 1 ). Single crystal X-ray diffraction at 90 K reveals that the crystal contains 42 individual, well-ordered molecules in the asymmetric unit with distinctive interactions between each Ni II (OEP)/C 70 pair and each pair of neighboring C 70 molecules. Warming the crystal to 186 K produces a phase change so that only four Ni II (OEP)/C 70 sites and six p -xylene molecules are present. Under the same conditions Cu II (OEP) cocrystallizes with C 70 to form Cu II (OEP)·C 70 ·1.5 p -xylene ( 2 ) with a much simpler structure consisting of one molecule of the porphyrin and the fullerene along with 1.5 molecules of p -xylene in the asymmetric unit. Crystallization of C 70 from toluene in the presence of Ni II (etioporphyrin-I) produces the black solvate 6C 70 ·6toluene ( 3 ). It seems that C 70 has a tendency to crystallize so that several orientations of the oblong molecule are present in the solid.
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- Award ID(s):
- 1807637
- PAR ID:
- 10272474
- Date Published:
- Journal Name:
- Nanoscale
- Volume:
- 12
- Issue:
- 39
- ISSN:
- 2040-3364
- Page Range / eLocation ID:
- 20356 to 20363
- Format(s):
- Medium: X
- Sponsoring Org:
- National Science Foundation
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