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1. Cloaking and Decoupling of Interleaved Microstrip Monopole Arrays at 28 GHz and 39 GHz Using Elliptical Metasurfaces for 5G Wireless Applications

   S. Pawar, S. Mastromatteo (July 2020, 2020 IEEE AP-S/URSI Conference)

   null (Ed.)

   Two tightly spaced, interleaved microstrip monopole antenna arrays operating at microwave frequencies are decoupled by employing mantle cloaking method. We use elliptical metasurfaces specifically tailored for the cross-coupled elements of the distinct arrays and show that by wrapping each antenna element with the metasurface cloak, the undesired cross-coupling between the elements at frequencies 28 GHz and 39 GHz is eliminated, restoring their radiation patterns as if the arrays were isolated from each other. In this paper, the cloaking and decoupling effect is scrutinized and evaluated to improve the functionality of the coupled arrays in terms of their radiation patterns and realized gain, when all the antenna elements are excited simultaneously. Consequently, the monopole antenna arrays, even though placed in close proximity, can radiate independently for a wide range of beam scanning angles. 

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2. Cloaking of Equilateral Triangle Patch Antennas and Antenna Arrays with Planar Coated Metasurfaces

   https://doi.org/10.3390/s23125517  

   Pawar, Shefali; Skinner, Harry; Suh, Seong-Youp; Yakovlev, Alexander (June 2023, Sensors)

   We have proposed an effective metasurface design to accomplish the cloaking of equilateral patch antennas and their array configuration. As such, we have exploited the concept of electromagnetic invisibility, employing the mantle cloaking technique with the intention to eliminate the destructive interference ensuing between two distinct triangular patches situated in a very congested arrangement (sub-wavelength separation is maintained between the patch elements). Based on the numerous simulation results, we demonstrate that the implementation of the planar coated metasurface cloaks onto the patch antenna surfaces compels them to become invisible to each other, at the intended frequencies. In effect, an individual antenna element does not sense the presence of the other, in spite of being in a rather close vicinity. We also exhibit that the cloaks successfully reinstate the radiation attributes of each antenna in such a way that it emulates its respective performance in an isolated environment. Moreover, we have extended the cloak design to an interleaved one-dimensional array of the two patch antennas, and it is shown that the coated metasurfaces assure the efficient performance of each array in terms of their matching as well as radiation characteristics, which in turn, enables them to radiate independently for various beam-scanning angles. 

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3. Radio-transparent dipole antenna based on a metasurface cloak

   https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-28714-w  

   Soric, Jason; Ra’di, Younes; Farfan, Diego; Alù, Andrea (December 2022, Nature Communications)

   Abstract Antenna technology is at the basis of ubiquitous wireless communication systems and sensors. Radiation is typically sustained by conduction currents flowing around resonant metallic objects that are optimized to enhance efficiency and bandwidth. However, resonant conductors are prone to large scattering of impinging waves, leading to challenges in crowded antenna environments due to blockage and distortion. Metasurface cloaks have been explored in the quest of addressing this challenge by reducing antenna scattering. However, metasurface-based designs have so far shown limited performance in terms of bandwidth, footprint and overall scattering reduction. Here we introduce a different route towards radio-transparent antennas, in which the cloak itself acts as the radiating element, drastically reducing the overall footprint while enhancing scattering suppression and bandwidth, without sacrificing other relevant radiation metrics compared to conventional antennas. This technique opens opportunities for cloaking technology, with promising features for crowded wireless communication platforms and noninvasive sensing. 

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4. Elliptical Metasurface Cloaks for Decoupling and Cloaking of Microstrip Monopole Antennas at 28 GHz and 39 GHz for 5G Wireless Applications

   https://doi.org/10.1109/IEEECONF35879.2020.9329717  

   Pawar, Shefali; Mastromatteo, Salvatore; Yakovlev, Alexander B.; Bernety, Hossein Mehrpour; Skinner, Harry G.; Suh, Seong-Youp; Alu, Andrea (July 2020, 2020 IEEE AP-S/URSI Conference)

   null (Ed.)

   In order to curtail mutual coupling between two closely spaced microstrip monopole antennas operating at frequencies 28 GHz and 39 GHz, the concept of electromagnetic cloaking is applied by utilizing elliptical metasurfaces. In this paper, we show that by enveloping the monopole antennas with the specifically engineered metasurface cloaks, not only is there a significant reduction in the mutual electromagnetic interaction but also restoration in the radiation patterns are observed, as if the antennas were completely isolated from each other. The decoupling effect is seen in the reduction of mutual S-parameters. This enables the antennas to radiate independently even though they are placed in a very close proximity. 

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5. How to decouple and cloak interleaved phased arrays

   H. M. Bernety, S. Pawar (September 2020, 14th International Congress on Artificial Materials and Novel Wave Phenomena - Metamaterials 2020)

   null (Ed.)

   In this paper, we show how metasurface cloaks can be used for decoupling and cloaking of interleaved planar phased arrays operating at neighboring frequencies. Accordingly: (a) the two arrays occupy one quarter of the area they would occupy in the case of being separated traditionally and (b) The arrays operate independently, and beam scanning can be achieved with frequency diversity. In this regard, the arrays act as if they were isolated and do not sense the presence of each other. 

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