We report a novel glycan array architecture that binds the mannose‐specific glycan binding protein, concanavalin A (ConA), with sub‐femtomolar avidity. A new radical photopolymerization developed specifically for this application combines the grafted‐from thiol–(meth)acrylate polymerization with thiol–ene chemistry to graft glycans to the growing polymer brushes. The propagation of the brushes was studied by carrying out this grafted‐to/grafted‐from radical photopolymerization (GTGFRP) at >400 different conditions using hypersurface photolithography, a printing strategy that substantially accelerates reaction discovery and optimization on surfaces. The effect of brush height and the grafting density of mannosides on the binding of ConA to the brushes was studied systematically, and we found that multivalent and cooperative binding account for the unprecedented sensitivity of the GTGFRP brushes. This study further demonstrates the ease with which new chemistry can be tailored for an application as a result of the advantages of hypersurface photolithography.
We report a novel glycan array architecture that binds the mannose‐specific glycan binding protein, concanavalin A (ConA), with sub‐femtomolar avidity. A new radical photopolymerization developed specifically for this application combines the grafted‐from thiol–(meth)acrylate polymerization with thiol–ene chemistry to graft glycans to the growing polymer brushes. The propagation of the brushes was studied by carrying out this grafted‐to/grafted‐from radical photopolymerization (GTGFRP) at >400 different conditions using hypersurface photolithography, a printing strategy that substantially accelerates reaction discovery and optimization on surfaces. The effect of brush height and the grafting density of mannosides on the binding of ConA to the brushes was studied systematically, and we found that multivalent and cooperative binding account for the unprecedented sensitivity of the GTGFRP brushes. This study further demonstrates the ease with which new chemistry can be tailored for an application as a result of the advantages of hypersurface photolithography.
more » « less- NSF-PAR ID:
- 10286219
- Publisher / Repository:
- Wiley Blackwell (John Wiley & Sons)
- Date Published:
- Journal Name:
- Angewandte Chemie International Edition
- Volume:
- 60
- Issue:
- 37
- ISSN:
- 1433-7851
- Page Range / eLocation ID:
- p. 20350-20357
- Format(s):
- Medium: X
- Sponsoring Org:
- National Science Foundation
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Abstract Polymer brush patterns have a central role in established and emerging research disciplines, from microarrays and smart surfaces to tissue engineering. The properties of these patterned surfaces are dependent on monomer composition, polymer height, and brush distribution across the surface. No current lithographic method, however, is capable of adjusting each of these variables independently and with micrometer-scale resolution. Here we report a technique termed Polymer Brush Hypersurface Photolithography, which produces polymeric pixels by combining a digital micromirror device (DMD), an air-free reaction chamber, and microfluidics to independently control monomer composition and polymer height of each pixel. The printer capabilities are demonstrated by preparing patterns from combinatorial polymer and block copolymer brushes. Images from polymeric pixels are created using the light reflected from a DMD to photochemically initiate atom-transfer radical polymerization from initiators immobilized on Si/SiO2wafers. Patterning is combined with high-throughput analysis of grafted-from polymerization kinetics, accelerating reaction discovery, and optimization of polymer coatings.
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Hypersurface photolithography (HP) is a printing method for fabricating structures and patterns composed of soft materials bound to solid surfaces and with ∼1 micrometer resolution in the x , y , and z dimensions. This platform leverages benign, low intensity light to perform photochemical surface reactions with spatial and temporal control of irradiation, and, as a result, is particularly useful for patterning delicate organic and biological material. In particular, surface-initiated controlled radical polymerizations can be leveraged to create arbitrary polymer and block-copolymer brush patterns. Here we will review advances in instrumentation architectures that have made these hypersurfaces possible, and the investigations and development of surface-based organic chemistry and grafted-from photopolymerizations that have arisen through these investigations. Over the course of this discussion, we describe specific applications that have benefited from HP. By combining organic chemistry with the instrumentation developed, HP has ushered in a new era of surface chemistry that will lead to new fundamental science and previously unimaginable technologies.more » « less
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Abstract A photochemical printer, equipped with a digital micromirror device (DMD), leads to the rapid elucidation of the kinetics of the surface‐initiated atom‐transfer radical photopolymerization of
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