SimulaTE is studying teaching simulations as formative assessments of pre-service teachers’ (PST) practice of eliciting and interpreting students’ mathematical thinking. Preparation and protocols that promote reliability and validity of the simulations as formative assessments will enhance their effectiveness and generalizability. Teacher educators who use the simulations document each PST’s performance to generate feedback for the PST in nine categories, arising from a decomposition of the teaching practice into specific component skills or actions. A series of coordinated validation studies include research to determine if the nine categories are distinguishable through the use of the simulation assessments, and can benefit from attention beyond other experiences PSTs have in their teacher preparation programs
more »
« less
Comparison of Peer-to-Peer and Virtual Simulation Rehearsals in Eliciting Student Thinking Through Number Talks
Structures such as rehearsals have been designed within mathematics education to engage teacher candidates in deliberate practice of specific teaching episodes before enacting within classroom settings. Current research has analyzed traditional rehearsals that involve peers acting as K-12 students as the teacher candidate facilitates an activity; however innovative technologies such as virtual simulation software — Mursion® (developed as TeachLivE™) — offer new opportunities to use student avatars in this context. This work explores the use of rehearsals within virtual simulations as compared to traditional rehearsals by using (nonpooled) two- sample, t-tests to compare changes in the control and comparison groups regarding their use of eliciting strategies. Similarity of the groups in how they develop eliciting strategies presents evidence that virtual simulations have the potential to provide comparable contexts for rehearsals. At the same time, the specific differences between groups prompts further examination of the contexts and patterns in discussion to better understand what is influencing differential change.
more »
« less
- Award ID(s):
- 1725707
- PAR ID:
- 10295939
- Date Published:
- Journal Name:
- Contemporary issues in technology and teacher education
- Volume:
- 21
- Issue:
- 2
- ISSN:
- 1528-5804
- Page Range / eLocation ID:
- 297
- Format(s):
- Medium: X
- Sponsoring Org:
- National Science Foundation
More Like this
-
-
Background/Context:Schools are increasingly using scripted curricula that limit teacher autonomy. These limitations are exacerbated when scripted curricula are enacted in fully standardized, asynchronous online course environments with no mechanisms for student–teacher communication. Purpose:This study extends understanding of how teacher discretion, identity, and the relationship between those two components shape students’ educational experiences online. Research Design:Within a sequential mixed method design, we identified spaces for teacher discretion using critical discourse analysis. By coding lesson transcripts, we developed a typology of common strategies: friendly, directive, personalized, and procedural. We used the resulting typology to run statistical models examining associations among teacher identity, discretionary acts, and student achievement. Lastly, we turned back to the qualitative data to confirm findings, test hypotheses, and provide nuance. Findings:Teachers presenting as Black were significantly more likely to use a procedural approach and significantly less likely to use friendly strategies. Students scored higher on their end-of-lesson quiz when their teacher used personalized strategies, such as sharing relevant personal experiences, and scored lower when teachers used friendly or directive strategies. Conclusions:Findings have implications for understanding and enacting equitable educational practices in asynchronous, scripted online environments. The isolation of discretionary acts feasible within the virtual learning environment studied contributes nuance to knowledge of the mechanisms through which teacher discretion might result in more favorable learning outcomes for students belonging to minoritized groups.more » « less
-
This chapter reports on work from a decade-long project to develop and study the use of teaching simulations focused on the teaching practices of eliciting and interpreting student thinking to support preservice teachers' (PSTs') learning. The chapter describes how teaching simulations focused on these practices allow teacher educators to support PSTs in orienting to student sense-making that is at the heart of equitable mathematics instruction. The teaching simulation approach is described. Examples illustrate how the approach is designed and facilitated in ways that make visible PSTs' engagement with three teaching performance areas (eliciting the student's process, using mathematical knowledge and skill, and conveying respect for the student as a mathematical thinker and learner) that are crucial for more equitable mathematics instruction. Connections between each of the performance areas and more equitable eliciting and interpreting of student thinking are described alongside the ways in which teacher educators can provide feedback that supports PSTs' development.more » « less
-
SimulaTE is studying teaching simulations as formative assessments of pre-service teachers’ (PST) practice of eliciting and interpreting students’ mathematical thinking. Preparation and protocols that promote reliability and validity of the simulations as formative assessments will enhance their effectiveness and generalizability. Teacher educators who use the simulations document each PST’s performance to generate relevant feedback for the PST. As part of a coordinated set of validity studies, six researchers were prepared on the documentation protocol. Consistency of documentation within the group and with the simulation developers’ judgments provided evidence supporting reliability and validity of the documentation protocol.more » « less
-
Abstract The complexity of mathematics teaching is especially evident in lessons where teachers build on students’ genuine ideas, such as problem-based lessons. To enhance teachers’ capacity for rich discussions in problem-based instruction, we have developed a unique approximation of practice: digital asynchronous simulations where teachers make subject-specific decisions for a virtual teacher avatar. The simulations are based on materials and principles from a practice-based professional development (PD) program, implemented with small groups of teachers. The self-paced simulation model offers flexibility and scalability, allowing more teachers to participate on their own schedules, but it lacks key affordances of collaborative PD. To examine how to leverage the affordances of collaborative, practice-based PD, this paper uses a design-based research approach to explicate the mechanisms in which digital simulations can support mathematics teachers’ learning about problem-based lessons. We focus on two cycles of design, implementation, analysis, and revisions of the simulation model, drawing on data from focus groups with mathematics teacher educators, prospective teachers’ performance, and teachers’ reflective assignments. The analysis illustrates how two design principles –Authenticity to the teacher’s work, andNuanced feedback– were transformed to better reflect aspects of practice-based teacher learning. We argue that self-paced, asynchronous simulations with indirect feedback can effectively emulate aspects of collaborative, practice-based PD in supporting teachers’ growth. The paper also contributes to the literature on mathematics teachers’ noticing and decision-making, examining how the two interact in simulated environments. We suggest implications for designing practice-based asynchronous digital simulations, drawing on emerging technologies.more » « less
An official website of the United States government

