Abstract We present design considerations for the Transiting Exosatellites, Moons, and Planets in Orion (TEMPO) Survey with the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope. This proposed 30 days survey is designed to detect a population of transiting extrasolar satellites, moons, and planets in the Orion Nebula Cluster (ONC). The young (1–3 Myr), densely populated ONC harbors about a thousand bright brown dwarfs (BDs) and free-floating planetary-mass objects (FFPs). TEMPO offers sufficient photometric precision to monitor FFPs with M >1 M J for transiting satellites. The survey is also capable of detecting FFPs down to sub-Saturn masses via direct imaging, although follow-up confirmation will be challenging. TEMPO yield estimates include 14 (3–22) exomoons/satellites transiting FFPs and 54 (8–100) satellites transiting BDs. Of this population, approximately 50% of companions would be “super-Titans” (Titan to Earth mass). Yield estimates also include approximately 150 exoplanets transiting young Orion stars, of which >50% will orbit mid-to-late M dwarfs. TEMPO would provide the first census demographics of small exosatellites orbiting FFPs and BDs, while simultaneously offering insights into exoplanet evolution at the earliest stages. This detected exosatellite population is likely to be markedly different from the current census of exoplanets with similar masses (e.g., Earth-mass exosatellites that still possess H/He envelopes). Although our yield estimates are highly uncertain, as there are no known exoplanets or exomoons analogous to these satellites, the TEMPO survey would test the prevailing theories of exosatellite formation and evolution, which limit the certainty surrounding detection yields.
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The Exoplanet Transmission Spectroscopy Imager (ETSI)
We present the design of a novel instrument tuned to detect transiting exoplanet atmospheres. The instrument,
which we call the exoplanet transmission spectroscopy imager (ETSI), makes use of a new technique called
common-path multi-band imaging (CMI). ETSI uses a prism and multi-band lter to simultaneously image 15
spectral bandpasses on two detectors from 430 975nm (with a average spectral resolution of R = = =
23) during exoplanet transits of a bright star. A prototype of the instrument achieved photon-noise limited
results which were below the atmospheric amplitude scintillation noise limit. ETSI can detect the presence and
composition of an exoplanet atmosphere in a relatively short time on a modest-size telescope. We show the
optical design of the instrument. Further, we discuss design trades of the prism and multi-band lter which are
driven by the science of the ETSI instrument. We describe the upcoming survey with ETSI that will measure
dozens of exoplanet atmosphere spectra in 2 years on a two meter telescope. Finally, we will discuss how ETSI
will be a powerful means for follow up on all gas giant exoplanets that transit bright stars, including a multitude
of recently identi ed TESS (NASA's Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite) exoplanets.
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- Award ID(s):
- 1920312
- PAR ID:
- 10300577
- Editor(s):
- Evans, Christopher J.; Bryant, Julia J.; Motohara, Kentaro
- Date Published:
- Journal Name:
- Proc. SPIE 11447, Ground-based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy VIII
- Page Range / eLocation ID:
- 100
- Format(s):
- Medium: X
- Sponsoring Org:
- National Science Foundation
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- Free Publicly Accessible Full Text
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Accepted Manuscript1.0
- Conference Paper:
- https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2562371
