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1. Probabilistic Near‐Field Tsunami Source and Tsunami Run‐up Distribution Inferred From Tsunami Run‐up Records in Northern Chile

   https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JC017289  

   Lee, Jun‐Whan ; Irish, Jennifer L. ; Weiss, Robert ( June 2021 , Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans)

   Understanding a tsunami source and its impact is vital to assess a tsunami hazard. Thanks to the efforts of the tsunami survey teams, high‐quality tsunami run‐up data exist for contemporary events. Still, it has not been widely used to infer a tsunami source and its impact mainly due to the computational burden of the tsunami forward model. In this study, we propose a TRRF‐INV (Tsunami Run‐up Response Function‐based INVersion) model that can provide probabilistic estimates of a near‐field tsunami source and tsunami run‐up distribution from a small number of run‐up records. We tested the TRRF‐INV model with synthetic tsunami scenarios in northern Chile and applied it to the 2014 Iquique, Chile, tsunami event as a case study. The results demonstrated that the TRRF‐INV model can provide a reasonable tsunami source estimate to first order and estimate tsunami run‐up distribution well. Moreover, the case‐study results agree well with the United States Geological Survey report and the global Centroid Moment Tensor solution. We also analyzed the performance of the TRRF‐INV model depending on the number and the uncertainty of run‐up records. We believe that the TRRF‐INV model has the potential for supporting accurate hazard assessment by (1) providing new insights from tsunami run‐up records into the tsunami source and its impact, (2) using the TRRF‐INV model as a tool to support existing tsunami inversion models, and (3) estimating a tsunami source and its impact for ancient events where no data other than estimated run‐up from sediment deposit data exist.

    

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2. Influence of Tsunami Aspect Ratio on Near and Far-Field Tsunami Amplitude

   https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences11040178  

   Sannikova, Natalia K. ; Segur, Harvey ; Arcas, Diego ( April 2021 , Geosciences)

   null (Ed.)

   This study presents a numerical investigation of the source aspect ratio (AR) influence on tsunami decay characteristics with an emphasis in near and far-field differences for two initial wave shapes Pure Positive Wave and N-wave. It is shown that, when initial total energy for both tsunami types is kept the same, short-rupture tsunami with more concentrated energy are likely to be more destructive in the near-field, whereas long rupture tsunami are more dangerous in the far-field. The more elongated the source is, the stronger the directivity and the slower the amplitude decays in the intermediate- and far-fields. We present evidence of this behavior by comparing amplitude decay rates from idealized sources and showing their correlation with that observed in recent historical events of similar AR. 

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3. Role of Compressibility on Tsunami Propagation: ROLE OF COMPRESSIBILITY ON TSUNAMI WAVES

   https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JC013054  

   Abdolali, Ali ; Kirby, James T. ( December 2017 , Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans)
4. Tsunami-driven gravity waves in the presence of vertically varying background and tidal wind structures: Tsunami-Driven GWs in Tidal Winds

   https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JD025673  

   Laughman, B. ; Fritts, D. C. ; Lund, T. S. ( May 2017 , Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres)
5. Improving Forecast Accuracy With Tsunami Data Assimilation: The 2009 Dusky Sound, New Zealand, Tsunami

   https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JB016575  

   Sheehan, Anne F. ; Gusman, Aditya R. ; Satake, Kenji ( January 2019 , Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth)

   We use tsunami waveforms recorded on deep water absolute pressure gauges (Deep‐ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunamis), coastal tide gauges, and a temporary array of seafloor differential pressure gauges (DPG) to study the tsunami generated by the 15 July 2009 magnitude 7.8 Dusky Sound, New Zealand, earthquake. We first use tsunami waveform inversion applied to Deep‐ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunamis seafloor pressure gauge and coastal tide gauge data to estimate the fault slip distribution of the Dusky Sound earthquake. This fault slip estimate is then used to generate synthetic tsunami waveforms at each of the DPG sites. DPG instruments are unfortunately not well calibrated, but comparison of the synthetic tsunami waveforms to those observed at each DPG site allows us to determine an appropriate amplitude scaling to apply. We next use progressive data assimilation of the amplitude‐scaled DPG observations to retrospectively forecast the Dusky Sound tsunami wavefields and find a good match between forecast and observed tsunami wavefields at the Charleston tide gauge station on the west coast of New Zealand's South Island. While an advantage of the data assimilation method is that no initial condition is needed, we find that our forecast is improved by merging tsunami forward modeling from a rapid W‐phase earthquake source solution with the data assimilation method.

    

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