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1. Designing diverse informal learning environments to support computational thinking

   Yang, H.; Codding, D.; Mouza, C.; Pollock, L. (January 2019, American Educational Research Association)

   This work examines the design of computer science informal learning programs in two public libraries offered through a university-library partnership. Specifically, the work focuses on dilemmas encountered by program facilitators when designing informal environments that focus on engaging culturally diverse youth with CT concepts. We analyzed over 40 reflection journals from program facilitators, illustrating content selection, pedagogical decisions, and the application of culturally relevant frameworks related to the design of the computing environment. Findings of this study provided insights related to the design, implementation and outcomes of informal computing programs for youth from diverse backgrounds. 

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2. Self-Efficacy Study in Computing Among College Freshmen

   Ghimire, Amrita; Lee, S.; Lineberry, L. (July 2020, ASEE Annual Conference proceedings)

   Computer Science (CS) is not introduced equitably across K-12 schools, yet it is increasingly a necessary skill regardless of vocational pathway. Co-curricular activities such as summer camps have become a popular way to introduce CS to K-12 students. Researchers at our institution, through partnerships with other educational institutions and practitioners, developed a transdisciplinary approach of teaching CS in K-12 informal learning environments. Building on positive results in the K-12 informal learning environment, researchers are exploring the applicability of the transdisciplinary modules in formal instruction for early college learners in CS0 and CS1 courses. This paper explores self-efficacy data collected from multiple CS0 and CS1 courses. Learners include freshmen in computing majors and in non-computing majors. We compare their self efficacy growth in computing across race and gender, considering their formal or informal CS education experiences prior to entering college. This work is a part of a larger effort to redesign CS0 and CS1 courses to introduce more complex concepts and important design concepts such as parallel and distributed computing earlier in the curriculum. The authors’ longer-term goal is to investigate active learning strategies that will introduce higher level computer science topics early in the curriculum to enable students to recognize content applicability earlier in their college pathway. 

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3. Broadening participation in computing: Promoting affective and cognitive learning in informal spaces

   Yang, H.; Codding, D.; & Pollock, L. (January 2021, TechTrends)

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   In this work we examine youth learning in an informal computing program implemented through a library-university partnership. In particular, we introduce and illustrate a culturally responsive computing framework which served as a foundation for the design of the program. Subsequently, we examine youth collaboration as well as affective and cognitive learning outcomes. Data were collected from university program facilitators and 30 youth over one semester. Data were collected through observations, lesson plans, computational artifacts and interviews with two case study youth. Results indicated that youth formed a variety of learning communities during the collaborative development of computing artifacts. Frequent participants were found to work with a greater number of peers compared to less frequent participants. Results from case study participants also indicated improvements in their computational competencies. Findings from this work have implications for the design of informal learning environments that help broaden participation in computing. 

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4. Broadening participation in computing: Promoting affective and cognitive learning in informal spaces

   https://doi.org/10.1007/s11528-020-00562-9  

   Yang, H.; Codding, D.; Mouza, C.; Pollock, L. (January 2021, Techtrends)

   In this work we examine youth learning in an informal computing programimplemented through a library-university partnership. In particular, we introduce and illustrate a culturally responsive computing framework which served as a foundation for the design of the program. Subsequently, we examine youth collaboration as well as affective and cognitive learning outcomes. Data were collected from university program facilitators and 30 youth over one semester. Data were collected through observations, lesson plans, computational artifacts and interviews with two case study youth. Results indicated that youth formed a variety of learning communities during the collaborative development of computing artifacts. Frequent participants were found to work with a greater number of peers compared to less frequent participants. Results from case study participants also indicated improvements in their computational competencies. Findings from this work have implications for the design of informal learning environments that help broaden participation in computing. 

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5. Examining the Design and Outcomes of an After-School Physical Computing Program in Middle-School

   Veng, S.; Mouza, C.; Pollock, L. (January 2023, Proceedings of Society for Information Technology & Teacher Education International Conference)

   This work examines the application of high-quality pedagogical practices in the design and implementation of an after-school physical computing program aimed at providing middle school students with access to computer science (CS) education. It subsequently examines how the program influenced students’ learning of CS concepts and attitudes towards computing. The program was designed and implemented through a school-university partnership, and 66 middle school students voluntarily participated. There were two cohorts of students in the study. Results indicate that the program had a positive impact on students’ understanding of CS concepts, and a significant impact on attitudes towards computing was seen among those in the second cohort. Implications are drawn for the design of informal after-school programs aimed at broadening participation in computing. 

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