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1. Sealing from iterability

   Sargsyan, Grigor; Trang, Nam (January 2021, Transactions of the American Mathematical Society)

   null (Ed.)

   We show that if V has a proper class ofWoodin cardinals, a strong cardinal, and a generically universally Baire iteration strategy (as defined in the paper) then Sealing holds after collapsing the successor of the least strong cardinal to be countable. This result is complementary to other work by the authors where it is shown that Sealing holds in a generic extension of a certain minimal universe. The current theorem is more general in that no minimality assumption is needed. A corollary of the main theorem is that Sealing is consistent relative to the existence of a Woodin cardinal which is a limit of Woodin cardinals. This improves significantly on the first consistency of Sealing obtained by W.H. Woodin. The Largest Suslin Axiom (LSA) is a determinacy axiom isolated byWoodin. It asserts that the largest Suslin cardinal is inaccessible for ordinal definable bijections. Let LSA-over-uB be the statement that in all (set) generic extensions there is a model of LSA whose Suslin, co-Suslin sets are the universally Baire sets. The other main result of the paper shows that assuming V has a proper class of inaccessible cardinals which are limit of Woodin cardinals, a strong cardinal, and a generically universally Baire iteration strategy, in the universe V [g], where g is V -generic for the collapse of the successor of the least strong cardinal to be countable, the theory LSA-over-UB fails; this implies that LSA-over-UB is not equivalent to Sealing (over the base theory of V [g]). This is interesting and somewhat unexpected, in light of other work by the authors. Compare this result with Steel’s well-known theorem that “AD in L(R) holds in all generic extensions” is equivalent to “the theory of L(R) is sealed” in the presence of a proper class of measurable cardinals. 

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2. The exact consistency strength of the generic absoluteness for the universally Baire sets

   https://doi.org/10.1017/fms.2023.127  

   Sargsyan, Grigor; Trang, Nam (January 2024, Forum of Mathematics, Sigma)

   Abstract A set of reals isuniversally Baireif all of its continuous preimages in topological spaces have the Baire property.$$\mathsf {Sealing}$$is a type of generic absoluteness condition introduced by Woodin that asserts in strong terms that the theory of the universally Baire sets cannot be changed by forcing. The$$\mathsf {Largest\ Suslin\ Axiom}$$($$\mathsf {LSA}$$) is a determinacy axiom isolated by Woodin. It asserts that the largest Suslin cardinal is inaccessible for ordinal definable bijections. Let$$\mathsf {LSA-over-uB}$$be the statement that in all (set) generic extensions there is a model of$$\mathsf {LSA}$$whose Suslin, co-Suslin sets are the universally Baire sets. We show that over some mild large cardinal theory,$$\mathsf {Sealing}$$is equiconsistent with$$\mathsf {LSA-over-uB}$$. In fact, we isolate an exact large cardinal theory that is equiconsistent with both (see Definition 2.7). As a consequence, we obtain that$$\mathsf {Sealing}$$is weaker than the theory ‘$$\mathsf {ZFC} +$$there is a Woodin cardinal which is a limit of Woodin cardinals’. A variation of$$\mathsf {Sealing}$$, called$$\mathsf {Tower\ Sealing}$$, is also shown to be equiconsistent with$$\mathsf {Sealing}$$over the same large cardinal theory. The result is proven via Woodin’s$$\mathsf {Core\ Model\ Induction}$$technique and is essentially the ultimate equiconsistency that can be proven via the current interpretation of$$\mathsf {CMI}$$as explained in the paper. 

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3. On Supercompactness of \omega_1

   Ikegami, Daisuke; Trang, Nam (January 2020, Springer Proceedings in Mathematics & Statistics)

   This paper studies structural consequences of supercompact- ness of ω1 under ZF. We show that the Axiom of Dependent Choice (DC) follows from “ω1 is supercompact”. “ω1 is supercompact” also implies that AD+, a strengthening of the Axiom of Determinacy (AD), is equiv- alent to ADR. It is shown that “ω1 is supercompact” does not imply AD. The most one can hope for is Suslin co-Suslin determinacy. We show that this follows from “ω1 is supercompact” and Hod Pair Capturing (HPC), an inner-model theoretic hypothesis that imposes certain smallness con- ditions on the universe of sets. “ω1 is supercompact” on its own implies that every Suslin co-Suslin set is the projection of a determined (in fact, homogenously Suslin) set. “ω1 is supercompact” also implies all sets in the Chang model have all the usual regularity properties, like Lebesgue measurability and the Baire property. 

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4. Strong compactness and the ultrapower axiom I: the least strongly compact cardinal

   https://doi.org/10.1142/S0219061322500052  

   Goldberg, Gabriel (August 2022, Journal of Mathematical Logic)

   The Ultrapower Axiom is a combinatorial principle concerning the structure of large cardinals that is true in all known canonical inner models of set theory. A longstanding test question for inner model theory is the equiconsistency of strongly compact and supercompact cardinals. In this paper, it is shown that under the Ultrapower Axiom, the least strongly compact cardinal is supercompact. A number of stronger results are established, setting the stage for a complete analysis of strong compactness and supercompactness under UA that will be carried out in the sequel to this paper. 

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5. LARGE CARDINALS BEYOND CHOICE

   https://doi.org/10.1017/bsl.2019.28  

   BAGARIA, JOAN; KOELLNER, PETER; WOODIN, W. HUGH (September 2019, The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic)

   Abstract The HOD Dichotomy Theorem states that if there is an extendible cardinal, δ , then either HOD is “close” to V (in the sense that it correctly computes successors of singular cardinals greater than δ ) or HOD is “far” from V (in the sense that all regular cardinals greater than or equal to δ are measurable in HOD). The question is whether the future will lead to the first or the second side of the dichotomy. Is HOD “close” to V , or “far” from V ? There is a program aimed at establishing the first alternative—the “close” side of the HOD Dichotomy. This is the program of inner model theory . In recent years the third author has provided evidence that there is an ultimate inner model—Ultimate- L —and he has isolated a natural conjecture associated with the model—the Ultimate- L Conjecture. This conjecture implies that (assuming the existence of an extendible cardinal) that the first alternative holds—HOD is “close” to V . This is the future in which pattern prevails. In this paper we introduce a very different program, one aimed at establishing the second alternative—the “far” side of the HOD Dichotomy. This is the program of large cardinals beyond choice . Kunen famously showed that if AC holds then there cannot be a Reinhardt cardinal. It has remained open whether Reinhardt cardinals are consistent in ZF alone. It turns out that there is an entire hierarchy of choiceless large cardinals of which Reinhardt cardinals are only the beginning, and, surprisingly, this hierarchy appears to be highly ordered and amenable to systematic investigation, as we shall show in this paper. The point is that if these choiceless large cardinals are consistent then the Ultimate- L Conjecture must fail. This is the future where chaos prevails. 

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