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  • The Gulf of Mexico Eddy Dataset (GOMED), a census of statistically significant eddy-like events from all available surface drifter data
Title: The Gulf of Mexico Eddy Dataset (GOMED), a census of statistically significant eddy-like events from all available surface drifter data
{"Abstract":["This dataset uses trajectory data from a large set of drifters to extract and analyze displacement signals associated with coherent eddies in the Gulf of Mexico, using a multivariate wavelet ridge analysis as presented in Lilly and Pérez-Brunius (2021). The data includes eddy displacement signals for all ridges, as well as the time-varying ellipse parameters and estimated ellipse center location. The instantaneous frequency is also included, as is the instantaneous bias estimate derived by Lilly and Olhede (2012). The data are organized as appended trajectory data that can be readily separated through the use of the "ids" field.  The ridge length (\\(L\\)),and ridge-averaged circularity (\\(\\overline{\\xi}\\))  are also included, as is measure of statistical significance denoted by (\\(\\rho\\)). The dataset is available for download as a NetCDF file.<\/p>\n\nLilly, J. M. and P. Pérez-Brunius (2021).  Extracting statistically significant eddy signals from large Lagrangian datasets using wavelet ridge analysis, with application to the Gulf of Mexico. Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics<\/em>, 28: 181\u2013212. https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-28-181-2021. <\/p>\n\nLilly, J. M. and Olhede, S. C.: Analysis of modulated multivariate oscillations, IEEE T. Signal Proces., 60, 600\u2013612, 2012. 10.1109/TSP.2011.2173681<\/p>"],"Other":["The GOMED database is a product of the Gulf of Mexico Research Consortium (CIGoM) and was partially funded by the CONACYT-SENER-Hydrocarbons Sector Fund, Mexico, project 201441.See database webpage with additional information, as well as request for download form (https://giola.cicese.mx/database/GOMED)","{"references": ["Lilly, J. M. and Olhede, S. C.: Higher-order properties of analytic wavelets, IEEE T. Signal Proces., 57, 146\\u2013160,\\u00a0https://doi.org/10.1109/TSP.2008.2007607, 2009.", "Lilly, J. M. and Olhede, S. C.: Analysis of modulated multivariate oscillations, IEEE T. Signal Proces., 60, 600\\u2013612, 2012."]}"]}  more » « less
Award ID(s):
1658564
PAR ID:
10323366
Author(s) / Creator(s):
;
Publisher / Repository:
Zenodo
Date Published:
Edition / Version:
1.1.0
Subject(s) / Keyword(s):
coherent eddies Gulf of Mexico Loop Current Eddies Campeche gyre Lagrangian data Frontal eddies
Format(s):
Medium: X
Sponsoring Org:
National Science Foundation
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    Abstract. A method for objectively extracting the displacement signals associated with coherent eddies from Lagrangian trajectories is presented, refined, and applied to a large dataset of 3770 surface drifters from the Gulf of Mexico. The method, wavelet ridge analysis, is a general method for the analysis of modulated oscillations, here modified to be more suitable to the eddy-detection problem. A means for formally assessing statistical significance is introduced, addressing the issue of false positives arising by chance from an unstructured turbulent background and opening the door to confident application of the method to very large datasets. Significance is measured through a frequency-dependent comparison with a stochastic dataset having statistical and spectral properties that match the original, but lacking organized oscillations due to eddies or waves. The application to the Gulf of Mexico reveals major asymmetries between cyclones and anticyclones, with anticyclones dominating at radii larger than about 50 km, but an unexpectedly rich population of highly nonlinear cyclones dominating at smaller radii. Both the method and the Gulf of Mexico eddy dataset are made freely available to the community for noncommercial use in future research. 
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    This dataset consists of weekly trajectory information of Gulf Stream Cold Eddies (CE) that existed between 2017 and 2023. The format of this Cold Eddy dataset is similar to the Warm Core Ring (WCR) Trajectory data from Porter et al. (2022, 2024) and Silver et al. (2022), and the following description is adapted from those datasets. This dataset is comprised of individual files containing each eddy’s weekly center location and its surface area for 181 CEs that existed and were tracked between January 1, 2017 and December 31, 2023 (28 CEs formed in 2017; 24 formed in 2018; 25 formed in 2019; 26 formed in 2020; 35 formed in 2021; 23 formed in 2022; and 20 formed in 2023). Each Cold Eddy is identified by a unique alphanumeric code 'CEyyyymmddX', where 'CE' represents a Cold Eddy (as identified in the analysis charts); 'yyyymmdd' is the year, month and day of formation; and the last character 'X' represents the sequential sighting (formation) of the eddy in that particular year. Continuity of an eddy which passes from one year to the next is maintained by the same character in the previous year and absorbed by the initial alphabets for the next year. For example, the first eddy formed in 2021 has a trailing alphabet of 'J', which signifies that a total of nine eddies were carried over from 2020 which were still present on January 1, 2021 and were assigned the initial nine alphabets (A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, and I). Each eddy trajectory has its own netCDF (.nc) filename following its alphanumeric code. Each file contains 4 variables every week, “Lon”- the eddy center’s longitude, “Lat”- the eddy center’s latitude, “Area” - the eddies size in km^2, and “Date” in days – which is the number of days since Jan 01, 0000. Note that in this dataset, which ended tracking all eddies up to 2023, there were six eddies that formed in 2023, and were carried over into 2024 were included with their full trajectories going into the year 2024. These eddies are: ‘CE20230515P’, ‘CE20230818U’, 'CE20230925V', 'CE20231030Y', 'CE20231103Z', and 'CE20231106a'. Findings from Jensen et al. (2024) suggest three different cyclonic eddy formation types: pinch-off cyclonic rings, hook-type cyclonic eddies, and Sargasso Sea cyclonic eddies. Pinch-off cyclonic rings form from a Gulf Stream meander trough amplifying, then encircling Slope Sea water and eventually detaching from the Gulf Stream as a cyclonic cold-core ring in the Sargasso Sea. Hook-type eddies form from a southward extending filament of the southern flank of the Gulf Stream establishing as a hook-like entity cyclonically encircling a body of Sargasso Sea water at its core. Sargasso Sea cyclonic eddies are isolated from the Gulf Stream and occur in the Sargasso Sea. A separate file is also created to help identify the cold eddy's formation type. Two files are provided here. These are: (1)  The trajectories of all Gulf Stream Cold Eddies formed from 2017 to 2023. Filename – CE_2017_2023_ncfiles.zip (2)  Information on the formation type of each Cold Eddy. Filename – CE_FormationTypes_2017to2023.doc The process of creating the CE weekly tracking dataset follows the same GIS-based methodology of the previously generated WCR census (Gangopadhyay et al., 2019, 2020). The Jenifer Clark’s Gulf Stream Charts described in Gangopadhyay et al. (2019), and continued through 2023 were used to create this dataset and were available 2-3 times a week from 2017-2023. Thus, we used approximately 840+ Charts for the 7 years of analysis. All of these charts were reanalyzed between 75°W and 55°W using QGIS 2.18.16 (2016) and geo-referenced on a WGS84 coordinate system (Decker, 1986). A single eddy trajectory is then obtained following an eddy through all of the available charts during the eddy's lifespan on a weekly basis. This process is repeated for every individual eddy.     
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    {"Abstract":["This dataset consists of weekly trajectory information of Gulf Stream Warm Core Rings from 2000-2010. This work builds upon Silver et al. (2022a) ( https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6436380) which contained Warm Core Ring trajectory information from 2011 to 2020. Combining the two datasets a total of 21 years of weekly Warm Core Ring trajectories can be obtained. An example of how to use such a dataset can be found in Silver et al. (2022b).<\/p>\n\nThe format of the dataset is similar to that of  Silver et al. (2022a), and the following description is adapted from their dataset. This dataset is comprised of individual files containing each ring\u2019s weekly center location and its area for 374 WCRs present between January 1, 2000 and December 31, 2010. Each Warm Core Ring is identified by a unique alphanumeric code 'WEyyyymmddA', where 'WE' represents a Warm Eddy (as identified in the analysis charts); 'yyyymmdd' is the year, month and day of formation; and the last character 'A' represents the sequential sighting of the eddies in a particular year. Continuity of a ring which passes from one year to the next is maintained by the same character in the first sighting.  For example, the first ring in 2002 having a trailing alphabet of 'F' indicates that five rings were carried over from 2001 which were still observed on January 1, 2002. Each ring has its own netCDF (.nc) filename following its alphanumeric code. Each file contains 4 variables, \u201cLon\u201d- the ring center\u2019s weekly longitude, \u201cLat\u201d- the ring center\u2019s weekly latitude, \u201cArea\u201d - the rings weekly size in km2<\/sup>, and \u201cDate\u201d in days - representing the days since Jan 01, 0000. <\/p>\n\nThe process of creating the WCR tracking dataset follows the same methodology of the previously generated WCR census (Gangopadhyay et al., 2019, 2020). The Jenifer Clark\u2019s Gulf Stream Charts used to create this dataset are 2-3 times a week from 2000-2010. Thus, we used approximately 1560 Charts for the 10 years of analysis. All of these charts were reanalyzed between 75° and 55°W using QGIS 2.18.16 (2016) and geo-referenced on a WGS84 coordinate system (Decker, 1986). <\/p>\n\n <\/p>\n\nSilver, A., Gangopadhyay, A, & Gawarkiewicz, G. (2022a). Warm Core Ring Trajectories in the Northwest Atlantic Slope Sea (2011-2020) (1.0.0) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6436380<\/p>\n\nSilver, A., Gangopadhyay, A., Gawarkiewicz, G., Andres, M., Flierl, G., & Clark, J. (2022b). Spatial Variability of Movement, Structure, and Formation of Warm Core Rings in the Northwest Atlantic Slope Sea. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans<\/em>, 127<\/em>(8), e2022JC018737. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JC018737 <\/p>\n\nGangopadhyay, A., G. Gawarkiewicz, N. Etige, M. Monim and J. Clark, 2019. An Observed Regime Shift in the Formation of Warm Core Rings from the Gulf Stream, Nature - Scientific Reports, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-48661-9. www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-48661-9.<\/p>\n\nGangopadhyay, A., N. Etige, G. Gawarkiewicz, A. M. Silver, M. Monim and J. Clark, 2020.  A Census of the Warm Core Rings of the Gulf Stream (1980-2017). Journal of Geophysical Research, Oceans, 125, e2019JC016033. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JC016033.<\/p>\n\nQGIS Development Team. QGIS Geographic Information System (2016).<\/p>\n\nDecker, B. L. World Geodetic System 1984. World geodetic system 1984 (1986).<\/p>\n\n <\/p>"],"Other":["Funded by two NSF US grants OCE-1851242, OCE-212328","{"references": ["Silver, A., Gangopadhyay, A, & Gawarkiewicz, G. (2022). Warm Core Ring Trajectories in the Northwest Atlantic Slope Sea (2011-2020) (1.0.0) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6436380", "Silver, A., Gangopadhyay, A., Gawarkiewicz, G., Andres, M., Flierl, G., & Clark, J. (2022b). Spatial Variability of Movement, Structure, and Formation of Warm Core Rings in the Northwest Atlantic Slope Sea.\\u00a0Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans,\\u00a0127(8), e2022JC018737.\\u00a0https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JC018737", "Gangopadhyay, A., G. Gawarkiewicz, N. Etige, M. Monim and J. Clark, 2019. An Observed Regime Shift in the Formation of Warm Core Rings from the Gulf Stream, Nature - Scientific Reports, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-48661-9. www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-48661-9.", "Gangopadhyay, A., N. Etige, G. Gawarkiewicz, A. M. Silver, M. Monim and J. Clark, 2020. A Census of the Warm Core Rings of the Gulf Stream (1980-2017). Journal of Geophysical Research, Oceans, 125, e2019JC016033. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JC016033.", "QGIS Development Team. QGIS Geographic Information System (2016).", "Decker, B. L. World Geodetic System 1984. World geodetic system 1984 (1986)."]}"]} 
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