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1. Tidal Variability Related to Sea Level Variability in the Pacific Ocean: TIDAL VARIABILITY IN THE PACIFIC OCEAN

   https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JC013165  

   Devlin, Adam T. ; Jay, David A. ; Zaron, Edward D. ; Talke, Stefan A. ; Pan, Jiayi ; Lin, Hui ( November 2017 , Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans)
2. Interannual to Decadal Variability of Tropical Indian Ocean Sea Surface Temperature: Pacific Influence versus Local Internal Variability

   https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-20-0807.1  

   Zhang, Lei ; Wang, Gang ; Newman, Matthew ; Han, Weiqing ( December 2020 , Journal of Climate)

   Abstract The Indian Ocean has received increasing attention for its large impacts on regional and global climate. However, sea surface temperature (SST) variability arising from Indian Ocean internal processes has not been well understood particularly on decadal and longer timescales, and the external influence from the Tropical Pacific has not been quantified. This paper analyzes the interannual-to-decadal SST variability in the Tropical Indian Ocean in observations and explores the external influence from the Pacific versus internal processes within the Indian Ocean using a Linear Inverse Model (LIM). Coupling between Indian Ocean and tropical Pacific SST anomalies (SSTAs) is assessed both within the LIM dynamical operator and the unpredictable stochastic noise that forces the system. Results show that the observed Indian Ocean Basin (IOB)-wide SSTA pattern is largely a response to the Pacific ENSO forcing, although it in turn has a damping effect on ENSO especially on annual and decadal timescales. On the other hand, the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) is an Indian Ocean internal mode that can actively affect ENSO; ENSO also has a returning effect on the IOD, which is rather weak on decadal timescale. The third mode is partly associated with the Subtropical Indian Ocean Dipole (SIOD), andmore »it is primarily generated by Indian Ocean internal processes, although a small component of it is coupled with ENSO. Overall, the amplitude of Indian Ocean internally generated SST variability is comparable to that forced by ENSO, and the Indian Ocean tends to actively influence the tropical Pacific. These results suggest that the Indian-Pacific Ocean interaction is a two-way process.« less
3. Model of variability estimation: factors influencing human prediction and estimation of variability in continuous information

   https://doi.org/10.1080/1463922X.2019.1679907  

   Wickens, Christopher D. ; Clegg, Benjamin A. ; Witt, Jessica K. ; Smith, C. A. ; Herdener, Nathan ; Spahr, Kimberly S. ( March 2020 , Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science)
4. Hypolimnetic Hypoxia Increases the Biomass Variability and Compositional Variability of Crustacean Zooplankton Communities

   https://doi.org/10.3390/w11102179  

   Doubek, Jonathan P. ; Campbell, Kylie L. ; Lofton, Mary E. ; McClure, Ryan P. ; Carey, Cayelan C. ( October 2019 , Water)

   In freshwater lakes and reservoirs, climate change and eutrophication are increasing the occurrence of low-dissolved oxygen concentrations (hypoxia), which has the potential to alter the variability of zooplankton seasonal dynamics. We sampled zooplankton and physical, chemical and biological variables (e.g., temperature, dissolved oxygen, and chlorophyll a) in four reservoirs during the summer stratified period for three consecutive years. The hypolimnion (bottom waters) of two reservoirs remained oxic throughout the entire stratified period, whereas the hypolimnion of the other two reservoirs became hypoxic during the stratified period. Biomass variability (measured as the coefficient of the variation of zooplankton biomass) and compositional variability (measured as the community composition of zooplankton) of crustacean zooplankton communities were similar throughout the summer in the oxic reservoirs; however, biomass variability and compositional variability significantly increased after the onset of hypoxia in the two seasonally-hypoxic reservoirs. The increase in biomass variability in the seasonally-hypoxic reservoirs was driven largely by an increase in the variability of copepod biomass, while the increase in compositional variability was driven by increased variability in the dominance (proportion of total crustacean zooplankton biomass) of copepod taxa. Our results suggest that hypoxia may increase the seasonal variability of crustacean zooplankton communities.
5. Consistency in coral skeletal amino acid composition offshore of Palau in the western Pacific warm pool indicates no impact of decadal variability in nitricline depth on primary productivity: Western Pacific variability from coral composition

   https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.10364  

   Williams, Branwen ; Thibodeau, Benoit ; Chikaraishi, Yoshito ; Ohkouchi, Naohiko ; Walnum, Andrew ; Grottoli, Andréa G. ; Colin, Patrick L. ( March 2017 , Limnology and Oceanography)