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Title: [LiCl 2 ] − Superhalide: A New Charge Carrier for Graphite Cathode of Dual‐Ion Batteries
Abstract

New acceptor‐type graphite intercalation compounds (GICs) offer candidates of cathode materials for dual‐ion batteries (DIBs), where superhalides represent the emerging anion charge carriers for such batteries. Here, the reversible insertion of [LiCl2]into graphite from an aqueous deep eutectic solvent electrolyte of 20mLiCl+20mcholine chloride is reported. [LiCl2]is the primary anion species in this electrolyte as revealed by the femtosecond stimulated Raman spectroscopy results, particularly through the rarely observed H–O–H bending mode. The insertion of Li–Cl anionic species is suggested by7Li magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance results that describe a unique chemical environment of Li+ions with electron donors around.2H nuclear magnetic resonance results suggest that water molecules are co‐inserted into graphite. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the anionic insertion of hydrated [LiCl2]takes place at a lower potential, being more favorable. X‐ray diffraction and the Raman results show that the insertion of [LiCl2]creates turbostratic structure in graphite instead of forming long‐range ordered GICs. The storage of [LiCl2]in graphite as a cathode for DIBs offers a capacity of 114 mAh g−1that is stable over 440 cycles.

 
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Award ID(s):
2004636 2005165
NSF-PAR ID:
10445088
Author(s) / Creator(s):
 ;  ;  ;  ;  ;  ;  ;  ;  ;  ;  
Publisher / Repository:
Wiley Blackwell (John Wiley & Sons)
Date Published:
Journal Name:
Advanced Functional Materials
Volume:
32
Issue:
23
ISSN:
1616-301X
Format(s):
Medium: X
Sponsoring Org:
National Science Foundation
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