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1. LIFE-HISTORY VARIATION WITHIN A POPULATION OF THE COLONIAL ASCIDIAN BOTRYLLUS SCHLOSSERI. I. THE GENETIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL OF SEASONAL VARIATION

   https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.1988.tb02510.x  

   Grosberg, Richard K. ( September 1988 , Evolution)
2. Host plant genetic control of associated fungal and insect species in a Populus hybrid cross

   https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.6266  

   Simon, Sandra J. ; Tschaplinski, Timothy J. ; M. LeBoldus, Jared ; Keefover‐Ring, Ken ; Azeem, Muhammad ; Chen, Jin‐Gui ; Macaya‐Sanz, David ; MacDonald, William L. ; Muchero, Wellington ; DiFazio, Stephen P. ( April 2020 , Ecology and Evolution)

   Plants employ a diverse set of defense mechanisms to mediate interactions with insects and fungi. These relationships can leave lasting impacts on host plant genome structure such as rapid expansion of gene families through tandem duplication. These genomic signatures provide important clues about the complexities of plant/biotic stress interactions and evolution. We used a pseudo‐backcross hybrid family to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling associations betweenPopulustrees and several commonPopulusdiseases and insects. Using whole‐genome sequences from each parent, we identified candidate genes that may mediate these interactions. Candidates were partially validated using mass spectrometry to identify corresponding QTL for defensive compounds. We detected significant QTL for two interacting fungal pathogens and three insects. The QTL intervals contained candidate genes potentially involved in physical and chemical mechanisms of host–plant resistance and susceptibility. In particular, we identified adjoining QTLs for a phenolic glycoside andPhyllocolpasawfly abundance. There was also significant enrichment of recent tandem duplications in the genomic intervals of the native parent, but not the exotic parent. Tandem gene duplication may be an important mechanism for rapid response to biotic stressors, enabling trees with long juvenile periods to reach maturity despite many coevolving biotic stressors.

    

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3. Occurrence and genetic evaluation of potentially pathogenic Acanthamoeba genotypes in nasal mucosa of immunocompromised patients: a case–control study in Iran

   https://doi.org/10.1093/trstmh/trac026  

   Moslemzadeh, Hamid Reza ; Mahami-Oskouei, Mahmoud ; Ahmadpour, Ehsan ; Niyyati, Maryam ; Rostami, Ali ; Memari, Fatemeh ; Spotin, Adel ( April 2022 , Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene)

   The occurrence of granulomatous amoebic encephalitis (GAE) was investigated due to the exposure of a large number of immunocompromised patients to opportunistic Acanthamoeba infections, which in most cases are fatal.

   In this case–control study, 160 samples from the nasal mucosa of immunocompromised patients were collected between February 2019 to February 2020 in Isfahan, central Iran, using sterile cotton swabs; 150 ethnically matched controls were included. The pathogenic potential of the identified isolates was evaluated using temperature and osmotolerance assays. The identification of Acanthamoeba infection was confirmed by both morphological and phylomolecular tools.

   Of 310 collected samples, 32 strains, including 25 (15.6%) and 7 (4.6%) isolates, were positive for the Acanthamoeba genus in the patient and control groups, respectively. The topology of the phylogenetic tree indicated that all the Acanthamoeba strains belonged to the T4 genotype. Only five of the isolates genotyped as T4 were positive for potential pathogenic assays. The heterogeneity analysis of 18S ribosomal RNA sequences of Acanthamoeba in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and hepatitis B and C patients revealed significant genetic diversity (haplotype diversity [Hd] 0.511) compared with that of healthy individuals (Hd 0.210).

   The circulation of pathogenic isolates of Acanthamoeba, particularly in HIV/AIDS patients, along with their genetic traits, indicates that clinicians should be more aware of fatal cases of GAE, especially in suspected encephalitis, in Iran and worldwide.

    

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4. Understanding genetic control of root system architecture in soybean: Insights into the genetic basis of lateral root number: GWAS of soybean root system architectural traits

   https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.13333  

   Prince, Silvas J. ; Valliyodan, Babu ; Ye, Heng ; Yang, Ming ; Tai, Shuaishuai ; Hu, Wushu ; Murphy, Mackensie ; Durnell, Lorellin A. ; Song, Li ; Joshi, Trupti ; et al ( June 2018 , Plant, Cell & Environment)
5. Genetic conservation and management of the California endemic, Torrey pine ( Pinus torreyana Parry): Implications of genetic rescue in a genetically depauperate species

   https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.3306  

   Hamilton, Jill A. ; Royauté, Raphaël ; Wright, Jessica W. ; Hodgskiss, Paul ; Ledig, F. Thomas ( September 2017 , Ecology and Evolution)