Explore Research Products in the PAR
It may take a few hours for recently added research products to appear in PAR search results.


Title: SNEWPY: A Data Pipeline from Supernova Simulations to Neutrino Signals
Abstract Current neutrino detectors will observe hundreds to thousands of neutrinos from Galactic supernovae, and future detectors will increase this yield by an order of magnitude or more. With such a data set comes the potential for a huge increase in our understanding of the explosions of massive stars, nuclear physics under extreme conditions, and the properties of the neutrino. However, there is currently a large gap between supernova simulations and the corresponding signals in neutrino detectors, which will make any comparison between theory and observation very difficult. SNEWPY is an open-source software package that bridges this gap. The SNEWPY code can interface with supernova simulation data to generate from the model either a time series of neutrino spectral fluences at Earth, or the total time-integrated spectral fluence. Data from several hundred simulations of core-collapse, thermonuclear, and pair-instability supernovae is included in the package. This output may then be used by an event generator such as sntools or an event rate calculator such as the SuperNova Observatories with General Long Baseline Experiment Simulator (SNOwGLoBES). Additional routines in the SNEWPY package automate the processing of the generated data through the SNOwGLoBES software and collate its output into the observable channels of each detector. In this paper we describe the contents of the package, the physics behind SNEWPY, the organization of the code, and provide examples of how to make use of its capabilities.  more » « less
Award ID(s):
1914448 1914416 1914447 1914418 1914410 1914426
PAR ID:
10345080
Author(s) / Creator(s):
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; more » ; ; ; « less
Date Published:
Journal Name:
The Astrophysical Journal
Volume:
925
Issue:
2
ISSN:
0004-637X
Page Range / eLocation ID:
107
Format(s):
Medium: X
Sponsoring Org:
National Science Foundation
More Like this
  1. ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; et al (, The Astrophysical Journal)
    Abstract We present the results of a search for core-collapse supernova neutrinos, using long-term KamLAND data from 2002 March 9 to 2020 April 25. We focus on the electron antineutrinos emitted from supernovae in the energy range of 1.8–111 MeV. Supernovae will make a neutrino event cluster with the duration of ∼10 s in the KamLAND data. We find no neutrino clusters and give the upper limit on the supernova rate to be 0.15 yr −1 with a 90% confidence level. The detectable range, which corresponds to a >95% detection probability, is 40–59 kpc and 65–81 kpc for core-collapse supernovae and failed core-collapse supernovae, respectively. This paper proposes to convert the supernova rate obtained by the neutrino observation to the Galactic star formation rate. Assuming a modified Salpeter-type initial mass function, the upper limit on the Galactic star formation rate is <(17.5–22.7) M ⊙ yr −1 with a 90% confidence level. 
    more » « less
  2. ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; et al (, Journal of Instrumentation)
    Abstract The neutrino signal from the next galactic core-collapse supernova will provide an invaluable early warning of the explosion. By combining the burst trigger from several neutrino detectors, the location of the explosion can be triangulated minutes to hours before the optical emission becomes visible, while also reducing the rate of false-positive triggers. To enable multi-messenger follow-up of nearby supernovae, the SuperNova Early Warning System 2.0 (SNEWS 2.0) will produce a combined alert using a global network of neutrino detectors. This paper describes the trigger publishing and alert formation framework of the SNEWS 2.0 network. The framework is built on the HOPSKOTCH publish-subscribe system to easily incorporate new detectors into the network, and it implements a coincidence system to form alerts and estimate a false-positive rate for the combined triggers. The paper outlines the structure of the SNEWS 2.0 software and the initial testing of coincident signals. 
    more » « less
  3. ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; et al (, Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics)
    Abstract Neutrinos from very nearby supernovae, such as Betelgeuse, are expected to generate more than ten million events over 10 s in Super-Kamokande (SK). At such large event rates, the buffers of the SK analog-to-digital conversion board (QBEE) will overflow, causing random loss of data that are critical for understanding the dynamics of the supernova explosion mechanism. In order to solve this problem, two new data-acquisition (DAQ) modules were developed to aid in the observation of very nearby supernovae. The first of these, the SN module, is designed to save only the number of hit photomultiplier tubes during a supernova burst and the second, the Veto module, prescales the high-rate neutrino events to prevent the QBEE from overflowing based on information from the SN module. In the event of a very nearby supernova, these modules allow SK to reconstruct the time evolution of the neutrino event rate from beginning to end using both QBEE and SN module data. This paper presents the development and testing of these modules together with an analysis of supernova-like data generated with a flashing laser diode. We demonstrate that the Veto module successfully prevents DAQ overflows for Betelgeuse-like supernovae as well as the long-term stability of the new modules. During normal running the Veto module is found to issue DAQ vetos a few times per month resulting in a total dead-time less than 1 ms, and does not influence ordinary operations. Additionally, using simulation data we find that supernovae closer than 800 pc will trigger the Veto module, resulting in a prescaling of the observed neutrino data. 
    more » « less
  4. ; ; (, Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics)
    Abstract Thermal MeV neutrino emission from core-collapse supernovae offers a unique opportunity to probe physics beyond the Standard Model in the neutrino sector. The next generation of neutrino experiments, such as DUNE and Hyper-Kamiokande, can detect 𝒪(10 3 ) and 𝒪(10 4 ) neutrinos in the event of a Galactic supernova, respectively. As supernova neutrinos propagate to Earth, they may interact with the local dark matter via hidden mediators and may be delayed with respect to the initial neutrino signal. We show that for sub-MeV dark matter, the presence of dark matter-neutrino interactions may lead to neutrino echoes with significant time delays. The absence or presence of this feature in the light curve of MeV neutrinos from a supernova allows us to probe parameter space that has not been explored by dark matter direct detection experiments. 
    more » « less
  5. ; (, Reviews of Modern Physics)
    Current, ground-based gravitational wave detectors were designed to detect gravitational waves from two primary sources: compact-binary coalescences and core collapse supernovae. Gravitational waves from the former have been detected, but we await the first detection of gravitational waves from the latter. Current theory indicates that the majority of core collapse supernovae are neutrino driven. In rare cases involving significant progenitor rotation, large initial magnetic fields, and the alignment of the two, they may be driven by magnetohydrodynamic stresses. This Colloquium focuses on neutrino-driven core collapse supernovae. Significant progress has been made in the past decade in core collapse supernova theory, culminating in sophisticated three-dimensional simulations and the delineation of key components of the central engine. With that, predictions of gravitational wave emission from core collapse supernovae have become sophisticated as well, and connections between components of the emission and their dynamical sources can now be made. As a result, a core collapse supernova gravitational wave detection promises to provide a view deep into the central engine that can be used to validate models and confirm (or fail to confirm) predictions. Core collapse supernovae are rarer and weaker sources of gravitational waves than compact-binary coalescences. Paralleling modeling efforts, significant effort has been necessarily expended to develop customized and optimized gravitational wave detection strategies and algorithms specifically designed for core collapse supernovae. These strategies rely on the multimessenger detection of gravitational waves, neutrinos, especially the electron-neutrino burst, and electromagnetic counterparts associated with, for example, shock breakout. Moreover, collaboration between core collapse supernova modelers and gravitational wave astronomers, given researchers’ deeper understanding of core collapse supernova gravitational wave sources and the increasingly sophisticated data analysis algorithms available, has significantly advanced core collapse supernova parameter estimation. In the event of a detection, the extraction of critical information about the remnant proto–neutron star, such as its mass, and potentially about the high-density, neutron-rich nuclear equation of state, specifically, the nucleon-nucleon interaction, may be possible as a result. Models, detection strategies, and parameter estimation are advancing. A detection in current interferometers would advance core collapse supernova science by leaps and bounds, and next generation interferometers promise even more. 
    more » « less
  • Citation Formats
  • MLA
  • APA
  • Chicago
  • BibTeX
  • Text Encoded Conversion
  • XML
  • Save / Share this Record
  • Send to Email