Title: The Ediacaran frondose fossil Arborea from the Shibantan limestone of South China
Abstract Bituminous limestone of the Ediacaran Shibantan Member of the Dengying Formation (551–539 Ma) in the Yangtze Gorges area contains a rare carbonate-hosted Ediacara-type macrofossil assemblage. This assemblage is dominated by the tubular fossil Wutubus Chen et al., 2014 and discoidal fossils, e.g., Hiemalora Fedonkin, 1982 and Aspidella Billings, 1872, but frondose organisms such as Charnia Ford, 1958, Rangea Gürich, 1929, and Arborea Glaessner and Wade, 1966 are also present. Herein, we report four species of Arborea from the Shibantan assemblage, including the type species Arborea arborea (Glaessner in Glaessner and Daily, 1959) Glaessner and Wade, 1966, Arborea denticulata new species, and two unnamed species, Arborea sp. A and Arborea sp. B. Arborea arborea is the most abundant frond in the Shibantan assemblage. Arborea denticulata n. sp. resembles Arborea arborea in general morphology but differs in its fewer primary branches and lower length/width ratio of primary branches. Arborea sp. A and Arborea sp. B are fronds with a Hiemalora -type basal attachment. Sealing by microbial mats and authigenic cementation may have played an important role in the preservation of Arborea in the Shibantan assemblage. The Shibantan material of Arborea extends the stratigraphic, ecological, and taphonomic ranges of this genus. UUID: http://zoobank.org/554f21da-5f09-4891-9deb-cbc00c41e5f1 more »« less
The terminal Ediacaran Shibantan biota (~550–543 Ma) from the Dengying Formation in the Yangtze Gorges area of South China represents one of the rare examples of carbonate-hosted Ediacara-type macrofossil assemblages. In addition to the numerically dominant taxa—the non-biomineralizing tubular fossilWutubusand discoidal fossilsAspidellaandHiemalora, the Shibantan biota also bears a moderate diversity of frondose fossils, includingPteridinium,Rangea,Arborea, andCharnia. In this paper, we report two species of the rangeomorph genusCharnia, including the type speciesCharnia masoniFord, 1958 emend. andCharnia gracilisnew species, from the Shibantan biota. Most of the ShibantanCharniaspecimens preserve only the petalodium, with a few bearing the holdfast and stem. Despite overall architectural similarities to otherCharniaspecies, the Shibantan specimens ofCharnia gracilisn. sp. are distinct in their relatively straight, slender, and more acutely angled first-order branches. They also show evidence that may support a two-stage growth model and a epibenthic sessile lifestyle.Charniafossils described herein represent one of the youngest occurrences of this genus and extend its paleogeographic and stratigraphic distributions. Our discovery also highlights the notable diversity of the Shibantan biota, which contains examples of a wide range of Ediacaran morphogroups.
Won, Boo Yeon; Fredericq, Suzanne; Cho, Tae Oh(
, European Journal of Phycology)
null
(Ed.)
Twenty-one samples belonging to species of Spyridia Harvey with uncinate (= hookshaped) spines on determinate lateral branches were investigated for their morphology with a focus on the structure of determinate branches, and for comparative chloroplast-encoded rbcL and nuclear LSU rDNA sequence analysis to elucidate their taxonomy and phylogeny. Currently, four Spyridia species with uncinate spines are recognized worldwide: S. alternans, S. cupressina, S. horridula and S. hypnoides. Of them, S. hypnoides has been recognized as the most common species with uncinate spines. In this study, we show that S. aculeata needs to be resurrected from S. hypnoides, and recognized as a distinct species based on samples from Israel, Red Sea, near the type locality. Spyridia aculeata is characterized by the spiral arrangement of determinate branches, incompletely corticated determinate branches, naked basal segment of determinate branches, by the presence of only acropetal cortication in the nodes of determinate branches, and by uncinate spines at the terminal node and on the first and second nodes of
determinate branches. In our molecular analyses based on rbcL and LSU rDNA, although four Spyridia species with uncinate spines are supported on phylogenetic trees, they are not a monophyletic group. The feature of uncinate spines in Spyridia is recognized as a polyphyletic character. Our phylogenetic analysis using rbcL and LSU rDNA sequences reveals high gene sequence divergence (6.8–7.0% for rbcL and 1.2–1.3% for LSU rDNA) between samples of S. aculeata and S. hypnoides. Therefore, the distribution of S. hypnoides may be restricted to the Indian Ocean, whereas S. aculeata is widely distributed in the Atlantic Ocean including the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea. Another Spyridia species with uncinate spines, S. alternans, is recognized as a synonym of S. horridula by our detailed
morphological observations of its type specimen.
Bautista, Mary Ann; Zheng, Yan; Boufford, David E.; Hu, Zhangli; Deng, Yunfei; Chen, Tao(
, Plants)
Bougainvillea Comm. ex Juss. is one of the renowned genera in the Nyctaginaceae, but despite its recognized horticultural value, the taxonomy and phylogeny of the genus is not well-studied. Phylogenetic reconstructions based on plastid genomes showed that B. pachyphylla and B. peruviana are basal taxa, while B. spinosa is sister to two distinct clades: the predominantly cultivated Bougainvillea clade (B. spectabilis, B. glabra, B. arborea, B. cultivar, B. praecox) and the clade containing wild species of Bougainvillea (B. berberidifolia, B. campanulata, B. infesta, B. modesta, B. luteoalba, B. stipitata, and B. stipitata var. grisebachiana). Early divergence of B. peruviana, B. pachyphylla and B. spinosa is highly supported, thus the previously proposed division of Bougainvillea into two subgenera (Bougainvillea and Tricycla) was not reflected in this study. Morphological analysis also revealed that leaf arrangement, size, and indumentum together with the perianth tube and anthocarp shape and indumentum are important characteristics in differentiating the species of Bougainvillea. In the present study, 11 species and one variety are recognized in Bougainvillea. Six names are newly reduced to synonymy, and lectotypes are designated for 27 names. In addition, a revised identification key and illustrations of the distinguishing parts are also provided in the paper.
Cao, Yanghui; Dmitriev, Dmitry A.; Dietrich, Christopher H.; Zhang, Yalin(
, Acta entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae)
Two new genera of the leafhopper tribe Erythroneurini, Hamata gen. nov. and
Levigata gen. nov., are established based on type species from Yunnan, China: Hamata
coralliformis sp. nov. and Levigata arborea sp. nov., respectively. Two additional new species,
Gladkara bifi da sp. nov. from Yunnan and Thapaia tibetensis sp. nov. from Tibet, are
described and illustrated and amended descriptions of their respective genera are provided. A
new synonymy is suggested: Elbelus tripunctatus Mahmood, 1967 = Elbelus melianus Kuoh,
1992, syn. nov. Eleven species of nine erythroneurine genera are newly recorded from China:
Arboridia (Arboridia) kakogawana (Matsumura, 1932), A. (A.) suputinkaensis (Vilbaste, 1968),
Balanda kara Dworakowska, 1979, Dorycnia vietnamica Dworakowska, 1979, Gambialoa
(Gambialoa) borealis Dworakowska, 1981, Gladkara albida Dworakowska, 1995, Seriana
dentata Sohi & Mann, 1992, S. malaica Dworakowska, 1978, Tautoneura mukla Dworakowska,
1981, Yakuza sumatrana Dworakowska, 2002, and Ziczacella lyrifora (Dlabola,
1968). Additional faunistic data and illustrations are provided for the following species from
China: Arboridia (Arboridia) agrillacea (Anufriev, 1969), A. (A.) lunula Song & Li, 2013,
A. (A.) maculifrons (Vilbaste, 1968), A. (A.) suzukii (Matsumura, 1916), Arboridia (Arborifera)
surstyli Cai & Xu, 2006, Gambialoa (Gambialoa) asiatica Dworakowska, 1979, Kaukania
anser Dworakowska, 1972, Seriana indefi nita Dworakowska, 1971, S. ochrata Dworakowska,
1971, Ziczacella dworakowskae (Anufriev, 1970), Z. heptapotamica (Kusnezov, 1928), and
Z. steggerdai (Ross, 1965).
Goniodoris is the third most diverse genus of the nudibranch family Goniodorididae. The genus has undergone several taxonomic changes, with c. one-third of the recognized species of Goniodoris having been synonymized (most of these are junior synonyms of genera from other families). In addition, Goniodoris includes other synonymized genera within it, such as Pelagella, which was erected for Doris pareti. This species was synonymized with Goniodoris castanea and the genus Pelagella went almost unnoticed. In the present study, we investigate the systematics of the genus Goniodoris by examining specimens of G. castanea from England and Spain, G. joubini from Hawaii and six undescribed Goniodoris species from Australia, the Philippines and Mozambique. The morphology of the new species is studied using dissections of the internal organs and scanning electron micrographs of the radulae, labial cuticles and the penis. We also carried out phylogenetic analyses using partial DNA sequences of mitochondrial and nuclear genes. These analyses show that the type species of Goniodoris, G. nodosa, is not a member of the clade constituted by the focal species of our study; the valid name for this clade is Pelagella. Six new species of Pelagella, P. albopunctata n. sp., P. balanoyensis n. sp., P. longicornis n. sp., P. scottjohnsoni n. sp., P. rubrobranchiata n. sp. and P. vitrea n. sp., are described.
Wang, Xiaopeng, Pang, Ke, Chen, Zhe, Wan, Bin, Xiao, Shuhai, Zhou, Chuanming, and Yuan, Xunlai. The Ediacaran frondose fossil Arborea from the Shibantan limestone of South China. Retrieved from https://par.nsf.gov/biblio/10349515. Journal of Paleontology 94.6 Web. doi:10.1017/jpa.2020.43.
Wang, Xiaopeng, Pang, Ke, Chen, Zhe, Wan, Bin, Xiao, Shuhai, Zhou, Chuanming, and Yuan, Xunlai.
"The Ediacaran frondose fossil Arborea from the Shibantan limestone of South China". Journal of Paleontology 94 (6). Country unknown/Code not available. https://doi.org/10.1017/jpa.2020.43.https://par.nsf.gov/biblio/10349515.
@article{osti_10349515,
place = {Country unknown/Code not available},
title = {The Ediacaran frondose fossil Arborea from the Shibantan limestone of South China},
url = {https://par.nsf.gov/biblio/10349515},
DOI = {10.1017/jpa.2020.43},
abstractNote = {Abstract Bituminous limestone of the Ediacaran Shibantan Member of the Dengying Formation (551–539 Ma) in the Yangtze Gorges area contains a rare carbonate-hosted Ediacara-type macrofossil assemblage. This assemblage is dominated by the tubular fossil Wutubus Chen et al., 2014 and discoidal fossils, e.g., Hiemalora Fedonkin, 1982 and Aspidella Billings, 1872, but frondose organisms such as Charnia Ford, 1958, Rangea Gürich, 1929, and Arborea Glaessner and Wade, 1966 are also present. Herein, we report four species of Arborea from the Shibantan assemblage, including the type species Arborea arborea (Glaessner in Glaessner and Daily, 1959) Glaessner and Wade, 1966, Arborea denticulata new species, and two unnamed species, Arborea sp. A and Arborea sp. B. Arborea arborea is the most abundant frond in the Shibantan assemblage. Arborea denticulata n. sp. resembles Arborea arborea in general morphology but differs in its fewer primary branches and lower length/width ratio of primary branches. Arborea sp. A and Arborea sp. B are fronds with a Hiemalora -type basal attachment. Sealing by microbial mats and authigenic cementation may have played an important role in the preservation of Arborea in the Shibantan assemblage. The Shibantan material of Arborea extends the stratigraphic, ecological, and taphonomic ranges of this genus. UUID: http://zoobank.org/554f21da-5f09-4891-9deb-cbc00c41e5f1},
journal = {Journal of Paleontology},
volume = {94},
number = {6},
author = {Wang, Xiaopeng and Pang, Ke and Chen, Zhe and Wan, Bin and Xiao, Shuhai and Zhou, Chuanming and Yuan, Xunlai},
}
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