skip to main content
US FlagAn official website of the United States government
dot gov icon
Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.
https lock icon
Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( lock ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

Explore Research Products in the PAR
It may take a few hours for recently added research products to appear in PAR search results.


Title: Demonstration of a two-bit controlled-NOT quantum-like gate using classical acoustic qubit-analogues
Abstract The Controlled-NOT (CNOT) gate is the key to unlock the power of quantum computing as it is a fundamental component of a universal set of gates. We demonstrate the operation of a two-bit C-NOT quantum-like gate using classical qubit acoustic analogues, called herein logical phi-bits. The logical phi-bits are supported by an externally driven nonlinear acoustic metamaterial composed of a parallel array of three elastically coupled waveguides. A logical phi-bit has a two-state degree of freedom associated with the two independent relative phases of the acoustic wave in the three waveguides. A simple physical manipulation involving the detuning of the frequency of one of the external drivers is shown to operate on the complex vectors in the Hilbert space of pairs of logical phi-bits. This operation achieves a systematic and predictable C-NOT gate with unambiguously measurable input and output. The possibility of scaling the approach to more phi-bits is promising.  more » « less
Award ID(s):
1640860
PAR ID:
10353180
Author(s) / Creator(s):
; ; ;
Date Published:
Journal Name:
Scientific Reports
Volume:
12
Issue:
1
ISSN:
2045-2322
Format(s):
Medium: X
Sponsoring Org:
National Science Foundation
More Like this
  1. ; ; ; ; (, Modelling and Simulation in Materials Science and Engineering)
    Abstract We present a model of an externally driven acoustic metamaterial constituted of a nonlinear parallel array of coupled acoustic waveguides that supports logical phi-bits, classical analogues of quantum bits (qubit). Descriptions of correlated multiple phi-bit systems emphasize the importance of representations of phi-bit and multiple phi-bit vector states within the context of their corresponding Hilbert space. Experimental data are used to demonstrate the realization of the single phi-bit Hadamard gate and the phase shift gate. A three phi-bit system is also used to illustrate the development of multiple phi-bit gates as well as a simple quantum-like algorithm. These demonstrations set the stage for the implementation of a digital quantum analogue computing platform based on acoustic metamaterial that can implement quantum-like gates and may offer promise as an efficient platform for the simulation of materials. 
    more » « less
  2. ; ; ; ; ; (, Applied Physics Letters)
    Logical phi-bits are nonlinear acoustic modes analogous to qubits and supported by an externally driven acoustic metastructure. A correspondence is established between the state of three correlated logical phi-bits represented in a low-dimensional linearly scaling physical space and their state representation as a complex vector in a high-dimensional exponentially scaling Hilbert space. We show the experimental implementation of a nontrivial three phi-bit unitary operation analogous to a quantum circuit. This three phi-bit gate operates in parallel on the components of the three phi-bit complex state vector. While this operation would be challenging to perform in one step on a quantum computer, by comparison, ours requires only a single physical action on the metastructure. 
    more » « less
  3. ; ; ; (, Journal of Applied Physics)
    We present both the theoretical framework and experimental implementation of permutation gates using logical phi-bits, classical acoustic analogs of qubits. Logical phi-bits are nonlinear acoustic modes supported by externally driven acoustic metamaterials. Using a tensor product of modified Bloch sphere representations, we realize all possible two logical phi-bit permutations including SWAP and C-NOT. We also illustrate the scalability of a permutation for any number of logical phi-bits. Experimental demonstrations of these permutations require a single physical action on the driving conditions of the acoustic metamaterial. All logical phi-bits exist in the same physical system. We compare the phi-bit system with its quantum counterpart using Qiskit simulations, which illustrate the complexity of realizing these permutations in a quantum context. 
    more » « less
  4. ; ; ; ; (, Quantum Studies: Mathematics and Foundations)
    It is shown that multiple logical phi-bit large-scale unitary operations analogous to quantum circuits can be realized by design. Logical phi-bits are nonlinear acoustic analogues of qubits which arise when elastic waveguides are coupled and driven at multiple frequencies in the presence of non-linearities. The contribution presents an approach that maps both the state of multiple phi-bits in their supporting nonlinear acoustic metastructure and their representations as complex state vectors in exponentially scaling Hilbert spaces. Upon physically actuating π changes in phi-bit phases and by engineering appropriate multiple phi-bits representations, one can realize a scalable phi-bit-based quantum Fourier transform. 
    more » « less
  5. ; ; ; ; ; (, Scientific Reports)
    Abstract Using experiments and theory, we investigate the behavior of nonlinear acoustic modes in a physical system composed of an array of three coupled acoustic waveguides, two of which are externally driven with two different frequencies. Nonlinear modes with frequency given by linear combinations of the driving frequencies are realizations of so-called logical phi-bits. A phi-bit is a two-state degree of freedom of an acoustic wave, which can be in a coherent superposition of states with complex amplitude coefficients, i.e., a qubit analogue. We demonstrate experimentally that phi-bit modes are supported in the array of waveguides. Using perturbation theory, we show that phi-bits may result from the intrinsic nonlinearity of the material used to couple the waveguides. We have also isolated possible effects on phi-bit states associated with the systems’ electronics, transducers and ultrasonic coupling agents used to probe the array and that may introduce extrinsic nonlinearities. These extrinsic effects are shown to be easily separable from the intrinsic behavior. The intrinsic behavior includes sharp jumps in phi-bit phases occurring over very narrow ranges of driving frequency. These jumps may also exhibit hysteretic behavior dependent on the direction of driving frequency tuning. The intrinsic states of phi-bits and multiple nonlinearly correlated phi-bits may serve as foundation for robust and practical quantum-analogue information technologies. 
    more » « less
  • Citation Formats
  • MLA
  • APA
  • Chicago
  • BibTeX
  • Save / Share this Record
  • Send to Email