skip to main content
US FlagAn official website of the United States government
dot gov icon
Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.
https lock icon
Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( lock ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.


Title: Attosecond electronic dynamics of core-excited states of N2O probed by transient soft X-ray spectroscopy
Half-cycle oscillation is observed in transient absorption spectra of N2O at NKedge (400 eV) irradiated by intense IR pulses, which is attributed to tunneling ionization of core excited states by intensive TDSE-based simulation.  more » « less
Award ID(s):
1912507
PAR ID:
10360809
Author(s) / Creator(s):
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;
Date Published:
Journal Name:
The International Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena (UP) 2022
Page Range / eLocation ID:
W1A.3
Format(s):
Medium: X
Sponsoring Org:
National Science Foundation
More Like this
  1. This paper presents an extensive parameter study of a non-intrusive and non-seeded laser diagnostic method for measuring one dimensional (1D) rotational temperature of molecular nitrogen (N2) at 165 - 450 K. Compared to previous efforts using molecular oxygen, here resonantly ionized and photoelectron induced fluorescence of molecular nitrogen for thermometry (N2RIPT) was demonstrated. The RIPT signal is generated by directly probing various rotational levels within the rovibrational absorption band of N2, corresponding to the 3-photon transition of N2(X1Σg+,v=0→b1Πu,v=6) near 285 nm, without involving collisional effects of molecular oxygen and nitrogen. The photoionized N2produces strong first negative band of N2+(B2Σu+−X2Σg+) near 390 nm, 420 nm, and 425 nm. Boltzmann analyses of various discrete fluorescence emission lines yield rotational temperatures of molecular nitrogen. By empirically choosing multiple rotational levels within the absorption band, non-scanning thermometry can be accurately achieved for molecular nitrogen. It is demonstrated that the N2RIPT technique can measure 1D temperature profile up to ∼5 cm in length within a pure N2environment. Multiple wavelengths are thoroughly analyzed and listed that are accurate for RIPT for various temperature ranges. 
    more » « less
  2. Abstract Simple synthetic routes to regioselectively deuterated tris[2‐(dimethylamino)ethyl]amine (Me6TREN) variants are described. Imine formation with formaldehyde‐d2from tris(2‐aminoethyl)amine (TREN) and subsequent reductions with NaBD4afforded N[CH2CH2N(CD3)2]3ord18‐Me6TREN in 79 % yield. A trisubstitution protocol from 2‐bromo‐N,N‐dimethylacetamide and ammonium carbonate and subsequent reduction of the N(CH2CONMe2)3intermediate by lithium aluminum deuteride has afforded N[CH2CD2N(CH3)2]3or (d6‐arm)‐Me6TREN in three steps and 52 % overall yield. A similar protocol from 2‐bromo‐N,N‐dimethyl‐d2‐acetamide, obtained in two steps fromd4‐acetic acid, with reduction of the N(CD2CONMe2)3intermediate by lithium aluminum hydride has afforded N[CD2CH2N(CH3)2]3or (d6‐cap)‐Me6TREN in four steps and 13 % overall yield from CD3COOD. 
    more » « less
  3. A<sc>bstract</sc> A search for long-lived heavy neutrinos (N) in the decays of B mesons produced in proton-proton collisions at$$ \sqrt{s} $$ s = 13 TeV is presented. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 41.6 fb−1collected in 2018 by the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC, using a dedicated data stream that enhances the number of recorded events containing B mesons. The search probes heavy neutrinos with masses in the range 1 <mN< 3 GeV and decay lengths in the range 10−2<cτN< 104mm, where τNis the N proper mean lifetime. Signal events are defined by the signature B →ℓBNX; N →ℓ±π, where the leptonsℓBandℓcan be either a muon or an electron, provided that at least one of them is a muon. The hadronic recoil system, X, is treated inclusively and is not reconstructed. No significant excess of events over the standard model background is observed in any of theℓ±πinvariant mass distributions. Limits at 95% confidence level on the sum of the squares of the mixing amplitudes between heavy and light neutrinos, |VN|2, and oncτNare obtained in different mixing scenarios for both Majorana and Dirac-like N particles. The most stringent upper limit|VN|2< 2.0×10−5is obtained atmN= 1.95 GeV for the Majorana case where N mixes exclusively with muon neutrinos. The limits on|VN|2for masses 1 <mN< 1.7 GeV are the most stringent from a collider experiment to date. 
    more » « less
  4. Context. Carbon monoxide (CO) is a poor tracer of H2in the diffuse interstellar medium (ISM), where most of the carbon is not incorporated into CO molecules, unlike the situation at higher extinctions. Aims. We present a novel, indirect method for constraining H2column densities (NH2) without employing CO observations. We show that previously recognized nonlinearities in the relation between the extinction,AV(H2), derived from dust emission and the H Icolumn density (NH I) are due to the presence of molecular gas. Methods. We employed archival (NH2) data, obtained from the UV spectra of stars, and calculatedAV(H2) toward these sight lines using 3D extinction maps. The following relation fits the data: logNH2= 1.38742 (logAV(H2))3− 0.05359 (logAV(H2))2+ 0.25722 logAV(H2) + 20.67191. This relation is useful for constrainingNH2in the diffuse ISM as it requires onlyNH Iand dust extinction data, which are both easily accessible. In 95% of the cases, the estimates produced by the fitted equation have deviations of less than a factor of 3.5. We constructed aNH2map of our Galaxy and compared it to the CO integrated intensity (WCO) distribution. Results. We find that the average ratio (XCO) betweenNH2andWCOis approximately equal to 2 × 1020cm−2(K km s−1)−1, consistent with previous estimates. However, we find that theXCOfactor varies by orders of magnitude on arcminute scales between the outer and the central portions of molecular clouds. For regions withNH2≳ 1020cm−2, we estimate that the average H2fractional abundance,fH2= 2NH2/(2NH2+NH I), is 0.25. Multiple (distinct) largely atomic clouds are likely found along high-extinction sightlines (AV≥ 1 mag), hence limitingfH2in these directions. Conclusions. More than 50% of the lines of sight withNH2≥ 1020cm−2are untraceable by CO with aJ= 1−0 sensitivity limitWCO= 1 K km s−1
    more » « less
  5. ABSTRACT Anthropogenic nitrogen (N) deposition is unequally distributed across space and time, with inputs to terrestrial ecosystems impacted by industry regulations and variations in human activity. Soil carbon (C) content normally controls the fraction of mineralized N that is nitrified (ƒnitrified), affecting N bioavailability for plants and microbes. However, it is unknown whether N deposition has modified the relationships among soil C, net N mineralization, and net nitrification. To test whether N deposition alters the relationship between soil C and net N transformations, we collected soils from coniferous and deciduous forests, grasslands, and residential yards in 14 regions across the contiguous United States that vary in N deposition rates. We quantified rates of net nitrification and N mineralization, soil chemistry (soil C, N, and pH), and microbial biomass and function (as beta‐glucosidase (BG) andN‐acetylglucosaminidase (NAG) activity) across these regions. Following expectations, soil C was a driver ofƒnitrifiedacross regions, whereby increasing soil C resulted in a decline in net nitrification andƒnitrified. Theƒnitrifiedvalue increased with lower microbial enzymatic investment in N acquisition (increasing BG:NAG ratio) and lower active microbial biomass, providing some evidence that heterotrophic microbial N demand controls the ammonium pool for nitrifiers. However, higher total N deposition increasedƒnitrified, including for high soil C sites predicted to have lowƒnitrified, which decreased the role of soil C as a predictor ofƒnitrified. Notably, the drop in contemporary atmospheric N deposition rates during the 2020 COVID‐19 pandemic did not weaken the effect of N deposition on relationships between soil C andƒnitrified. Our results suggest that N deposition can disrupt the relationship between soil C and net N transformations, with this change potentially explained by weaker microbial competition for N. Therefore, past N inputs and soil C should be used together to predict N dynamics across terrestrial ecosystems. 
    more » « less