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The genus Trifolium is the largest of the tribe Trifolieae in the subfamily Papilionoideae (Fabaceae). The paucity of mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) sequences has hindered comparative analyses among the three genomic compartments of the plant cell (nucleus, mitochondrion and plastid). We assembled four mitogenomes from the two subgenera (Chronosemium and Trifolium) of the genus. The four Trifolium mitogenomes were compact (294,911–348,724 bp in length) and contained limited repetitive (6.6–8.6%) DNA. Comparison of organelle repeat content highlighted the distinct evolutionary trajectory of plastid genomes in a subset of Trifolium species. Intracellular gene transfer (IGT) was analyzed among the three genomic compartments revealing functional transfer of mitochondrial rps1 to nuclear genome along with other IGT events. Phylogenetic analysis based on mitochondrial and nuclear rps1 sequences revealed that the functional transfer in Trifolieae was independent from the event that occurred in robinioid clade that includes genus Lotus. A novel, independent fission event of ccmFn in Trifolium was identified, caused by a 59 bp deletion. Fissions of this gene reported previously in land plants were reassessed and compared with Trifolium.
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Born in the mitochondrion and raised in the nucleus: evolution of a novel tandem repeat family in Medicago polymorpha (Fabaceae)
SUMMARY Plant nuclear genomes harbor sequence elements derived from the organelles (mitochondrion and plastid) through intracellular gene transfer (IGT). Nuclear genomes also show a dramatic range of repeat content, suggesting that any sequence can be readily amplified. These two aspects of plant nuclear genomes are well recognized but have rarely been linked. Through investigation of 31Medicagotaxa we detected exceptionally high post‐IGT amplification of mitochondrial (mt) DNA sequences containingrps10in the nuclear genome ofMedicago polymorphaand closely related species. The amplified sequences were characterized as tandem arrays of five distinct repeat motifs (2157, 1064, 987, 971, and 587 bp) that have diverged from the mt genome (mitogenome) in theM. polymorphanuclear genome. The mtrps10‐like arrays were identified in seven loci (six intergenic and one telomeric) of the nuclear chromosome assemblies and were the most abundant tandem repeat family, representing 1.6–3.0% of total genomic DNA, a value approximately three‐fold greater than the entire mitogenome inM. polymorpha. Compared to a typical mt gene, the mtrps10‐like sequence coverage level was 691.5–7198‐fold higher inM. polymorphaand closely related species. In addition to the post‐IGT amplification, our analysis identified the canonical telomeric repeat and the species‐specific satellite arrays that are likely attributable to an ancestral chromosomal fusion inM. polymorpha. A possible relationship between chromosomal instability and the mtrps10‐like tandem repeat family in theM. polymorphaclade is discussed.
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- Award ID(s):
- 1853024
- PAR ID:
- 10367684
- Publisher / Repository:
- Wiley-Blackwell
- Date Published:
- Journal Name:
- The Plant Journal
- Volume:
- 110
- Issue:
- 2
- ISSN:
- 0960-7412
- Page Range / eLocation ID:
- p. 389-406
- Format(s):
- Medium: X
- Sponsoring Org:
- National Science Foundation
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