More Like this

1. Molecular phylogeny of the tribe Candalidini (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae): systematics, diversification and evolutionary history

   https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12432  

   Braby, Michael F. ; Espeland, Marianne ; Müller, Chris J. ; Eastwood, Rod ; Lohman, David J. ; Kawahara, Akito Y. ; Maunsell, Sarah C. ; Pierce, Naomi E. ( June 2020 , Systematic Entomology)

   The butterfly tribe Candalidini is geographically restricted to Australia and mainland New Guinea and its adjacent islands. With 60 species and subspecies, it represents a large radiation of Papilionoidea in the Australian region. Although the species‐level taxonomy is relatively well understood, the number of genera is uncertain, varying from two to eight. We reconstructed the phylogeny of the Candalidini based on a 13‐locus hybrid enrichment probe set (12.8 Kbp: COI, Thiolase, CAD, CAT, DDC, EF1‐a, GAPDH, HCL, IDH, MDH, RPS2, RPS5, Wingless), including all previously recognized genera and 76% (28/37) of the species‐level diversity of the tribe. Maximum likelihood analysis recovered the Candalidini as a strongly supported monophyletic group. In conjunction with morphological characters, the phylogeny provided a robust framework for a revised classification in which we recognize four genera, 37 species and 23 subspecies. The genusNesolycaenaWaterhouse & R.E. Turner is considered in synonymy withCandalidesHübner, and four other genera are not recognized, namely,HolochilaC. Felder,AdalumaTindale,ZetonaWaterhouse andMicroscenaTite. Of the four valid genera, theabsimilisgroup (23 species) is placed in the newly described genusEirmocidesBraby, Espeland & Müllergen. nov.(type speciesCandalides consimilisWaterhouse). Theerinusgroup (six species) is assigned toErinaSwainson, which is reinstated.Chrysophanus cyprotusOlliff is assigned toCyprotidesTite, which is also reinstated as a monotypic genus. The remaining seven species are placed inCandalides sensu stricto. Overall, we propose 47 new nomenclatural changes at the species and subspecies levels, including the synonymy ofHolochila biakaTite asEirmocides tringa biaka(Tite)syn. nov. et comb. nov.and recognition ofCandalides hyacinthinus gilesiM.R. Williams & Bollam as a distinct speciesErina gilesi(M.R. Williams & Bollamstat. rev. et comb. nov.A dated phylogeny using Bayesian inference in BEAST2 and biogeographical and habitat analyses based on the DEC model in BioGeoBEARS indicated that the ancestor of the Candalidini most likely evolved in rainforest habitats of the mesic biome in situ on the Australian plate of Southern Gondwana during the Eocene (c. 43 Ma). A major period of diversification occurred in the Miocene, which coincided with aridification of the Australian continent, followed by a further episode of radiation in montane New Guinea during the Plio‐Pleistocene.

   This published work has been registered on ZooBank by the authors: Michael Braby:http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:4D3A7605‐EBD0‐40F6‐A5F2‐7F67F59E3D60;

   Marianne Espeland:http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:00D6F9F9‐3902‐4A8B‐846F‐720AB32922A6;

   Chris Müller:http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:15FE5F26‐7596‐46C2‐9697‐1FD92A692D0D;

   http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:47D5CA34‐C294‐4FBD‐84B6‐1C2A82B7CADF.

    

   more » « less
2. A new target capture phylogeny elucidates the systematics and evolution of wing coupling in sack‐bearer moths

   https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12421  

   St Laurent, Ryan A. ; Mielke, Carlos G. C. ; Herbin, Daniel ; Dexter, Kelly M. ; Kawahara, Akito Y. ( January 2020 , Systematic Entomology)

   The frenulum is a wing coupling structure that is found on the wings of most families of Lepidoptera. It is a single bristle or set of bristles that originate from the base of the hindwing that often interlocks with the forewing during flight. This wing coupling mechanism is thought to have been a major evolutionary innovation that allowed for enhanced flight in Lepidoptera. The sack‐bearer moths (Mimallonidae) are unusual among Lepidoptera in that not all species within the family have a frenulum. We test the hypothesis that the frenulum is not necessary and is therefore lost in mimallonids that have longer male forewings, because such wings are perhaps better suited to be coupled by other means. To understand the evolution of the frenulum, we inferred the most taxonomically and genetically sampled anchored hybrid enrichment‐based phylogeny of Mimallonidae, including 604 loci from all 41 genera and from 120 species, covering about 40% of the described species in the family. The maximum likelihood tree robustly supports major relationships within the family, and ancestral state reconstruction clearly recovers the frenulum as the plesiomorphic condition in Mimallonidae. Our results show that the frenulum is more often observed in species that have shorter, rather than longer, male forewings. The frenulum has historically been used as an important character for intrafamilial classification in Mimallonidae, but our results conclusively show that this character system is more variable than previously thought. Based on our results, we erect two new subfamilies, Roelofinae St Laurent & Kawahara,subfam.n.and Meneviinae St Laurent, Herbin, & Kawahara,subfam.n., for four genera previously consideredincertae sedis.In the predominantly frenulum‐lacking clade Cicinninae, we describe a new genus,CerradocinnusSt Laurent, Mielke, & Kawahara,gen.n., and the genusGonogrammastat. rev.is revalidated to include many species previously placed inCicinnussensu lato. With these changes,Cicinnuscan now be considered monophyletic. Thirty‐three species are transferred toGonogrammafromCicinnussensu lato.

   This published work has been registered on Zoobank,http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:E33100E1‐DA6A‐4814‐A312‐36CBAA168B8B.

    

   more » « less
3. A molecular phylogeny of the parasitoid wasp subfamily Rogadinae (Ichneumonoidea: Braconidae) with descriptions of three new genera

   https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12507  

   Quicke, Donald L. J. ; Fagan‐Jeffries, Erinn P. ; Jasso‐Martínez, Jovana M. ; Zaldívar‐Riverón, Alejandro ; Shaw, Mark R. ; Janzen, Daniel H. ; Hallwachs, Winnie ; Smith, M. Alex ; Hebert, Paul D. N. ; Hrcek, Jan ; et al ( July 2021 , Systematic Entomology)

   A molecular phylogeny of the subfamily Rogadinae is presented for 469 species in 52 genera representing all tribes and subtribes. The data comprise cytochromecoxidase I sequences (DNA barcodes), together with a broad representation of 28S rDNA D2‐D3 expansion region, EF1‐αgene and 16S rDNA fragments. To test monophyly, most genera were represented by multiple species. The analysis of the complete dataset recovered a monophyletic Rogadinae with low support. All six tribes were recovered as monophyletic with the following relationships: (Rogadini, (Stiropiini, (Clinocentrini, (Betylobraconini, [Yeliconini, Aleiodini])))). Three new genera are recognized:AfrorogasQuickegen.n.(type speciesAfrorogas copelandiQuickesp.n.) for a mainland Afrotropical species;AmanirogasQuickegen.n.(type speciesAmanirogas isolatusQuickesp.n.), previously treated as aRogasspecies from Tanzania; andPapuarogasQuickegen.n.(type speciesP.dameniQuickesp.n.), for species from Papua New Guinea.IporhogasGranger is synonymized withTroporhogasCameron. The African generaMyoporhogasBrues,Scoporogasvan Achterberg and the endemic New Zealand genusRhinoprotomavan Achterberg are synonymized withAleiodes. A formal diagnosis of the Aleiodini Muesebeck is provided for the first time.

   This published work has been registered on ZooBank,http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:F24DC64C‐54B7‐45DA‐AB8E‐52DC3E34545C

    

   more » « less
4. Assessing SSU rDNA Barcodes in Foraminifera: A Case Study using Bolivina quadrata

   https://doi.org/10.1111/jeu.12471  

   Borrelli, Chiara ; Hou, Yubo ; Pawlowski, Jan W. ; Holzmann, Maria ; Katz, Miriam E. ; Chandler, G. Thomas ; Bowser, Samuel S. ( October 2017 , Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology)

   The Small Subunit RibosomalRNAgene (SSU rDNA) is a widely used tool to reconstruct phylogenetic relationships among foraminiferal species. Recently, the highly variable regions of this gene have been proposed asDNAbarcodes to identify foraminiferal species. However, the resolution of these barcodes has not been well established, yet. In this study, we evaluate fourSSU rDNAhypervariable regions (37/f, 41/f, 43/e, and 45/e) asDNAbarcodes to distinguish among species of the genusBolivina, with particular emphasis onBolivina quadratafor which ten new sequences (KY468817–KY468826) were obtained during this study. Our analyses show that a singleSSU rDNAhypervariable sequence is insufficient to resolve allBolivinaspecies and that some regions (37/f and 41/f) are more useful than others (43/e and 45/e) to distinguish among closely related species. In addition, polymorphism analyses reveal a high degree of variability. In the context of barcoding studies, these results emphasize the need to assess the range of intraspecific variability ofDNAbarcodes prior to their application to identify foraminiferal species in environmental samples; our results also highlight the possibility that a longerSSU rDNAregion might be required to distinguish among species belonging to the same taxonomic group (i.e. genus).

    

   more » « less
5. Extensive allopolyploidy in the neotropical genus Lachemilla (Rosaceae) revealed by PCR ‐based target enrichment of the nuclear ribosomal DNA cistron and plastid phylogenomics

   https://doi.org/10.1002/ajb2.1253  

   Morales‐Briones, Diego F. ; Tank, David C. ( March 2019 , American Journal of Botany)

   Polyploidy has been long recognized as an important force in plant evolution. Previous studies had suggested widespread occurrence of polyploidy and the allopolyploid origin of several species in the diverse neotropical genusLachemilla(Rosaceae). Nonetheless, this evidence has relied mostly on patterns of cytonuclear discordance, and direct evidence from nuclear allelic markers is still needed.

   Here we usedPCRtarget enrichment in combination with high throughput sequencing to obtain multiple copies of the nuclear ribosomal (nr)DNAcistron and 45 regions of the plastid genome (cpDNA) from 219 accessions representing 48 species ofLachemillaand to explore the allopolyploid origin of species in this group.

   We were able to identify multiple nrDNAribotypes and establish clear evidence of allopolyploidy in 33 species ofLachemilla, showing that this condition is common and widespread in the genus. Additionally, we found evidence for three autopolyploid species. We also established multiple, independent origins of several allopolyploid species. Finally, based solely on the cpDNAphylogeny, we identified that the monotypic genusFarinopsisis the sister group ofLachemillaand allied genera within subtribe Fragariinae.

   Our study demonstrates the utility of the nuclear ribosomalDNAcistron to detect allopolyploidy when concerted evolution of this region is not complete. Additionally, with a robust chloroplast phylogeny in place, the direction of hybridization events can be established, and multiple, independent origins of allopolyploid species can be identified.

    

   more » « less