Choices made by individuals have widespread impacts—for instance, people choose between political candidates to vote for, between social media posts to share, and between brands to purchase—moreover, data on these choices are increasingly abundant.
Recent studies of clientelism predominantly focus on how elites use rewards to influence vote choices and turnout. This article shifts attention toward citizens and their choices beyond the ballot box. Under what conditions does clientelism influence citizens’ decisions to express political preferences publicly? When voters can obtain post-election benefits by declaring support for victorious candidates, their choices to display political paraphernalia on their homes or bodies may reflect more than just political preferences. We argue that various factors—such as the size of rewards and punishments, the competitiveness of the election, and whether multiple candidates employ clientelism—affect citizens’ propensity to declare support in response to clientelist inducements. Building on insights from fieldwork, formal analyses reveal how and why such factors can distort patterns of political expression observed during electoral campaigns. We conduct an experiment in Brazil, which predominantly corroborates predictions about declared support and clientelism.
more » « less- NSF-PAR ID:
- 10373605
- Publisher / Repository:
- SAGE Publications
- Date Published:
- Journal Name:
- Comparative Political Studies
- Volume:
- 55
- Issue:
- 13
- ISSN:
- 0010-4140
- Page Range / eLocation ID:
- p. 2178-2216
- Format(s):
- Medium: X
- Sponsoring Org:
- National Science Foundation
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