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Abstract The biomanufacturing industry is advancing toward continuous processes that will involve longer culture durations and older cell ages. These upstream trends may bring unforeseen challenges for downstream purification due to fluctuations in host cell protein (HCP) levels. To understand the extent of HCP expression instability exhibited by Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells over these time scales, an industry‐wide consortium collaborated to develop a study to characterize age‐dependent changes in HCP levels across 30, 60, and 90 cell doublings, representing a period of approximately 60 days. A monoclonal antibody (mAb)‐producing cell line with bulk productivity up to 3 g/L in a bioreactor was aged in parallel with its parental CHO‐K1 host. Subsequently, both cell types at each age were cultivated in an automated bioreactor system to generate harvested cell culture fluid (HCCF) for HCP analysis. More than 1500 HCPs were quantified using complementary proteomic techniques, two‐dimensional electrophoresis (2DE) and liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS). While up to 13% of proteins showed variable expression with age, more changes were observed when comparing between the two cell lines with up to 47% of HCPs differentially expressed. A small subset (50 HCPs) with age‐dependent expression were previously reported to be problematic as high‐risk and/or difficult‐to‐remove impurities; however, the vast majority of these were downregulated with age. Our findings suggest that HCP expression changes over this time scale may not be as dramatic and pose as great of a challenge to downstream processing as originally expected but that monitoring of variably expressed problematic HCPs remains critical.
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Host Cell Proteins During Biomanufacturing
Host cell protein (HCP) impurities, endogenous proteins expressed from host cells, can challenge biopharmaceutical manufacturing. Certain HCPs can persist even after downstream purification, leading to adverse impacts on drug stability and potentially, patient safety. Thus, the quantification and control of HCPs is critical. Although many improvements have been made in HCP quantification and control methods, HCP-associated risks cannot be completely eliminated. A better biophysical understanding of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) HCPs and advancement of monitoring assays will lead to better controlled biopharmaceutical manufacturing. This chapter will discuss (i) current HCP removal processes for various product types, (ii) the impact of residual HCPs on drug efficacy and safety, (iii) HCP quantification and monitoring methods such as proteomics approaches and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) using anti-HCP antiserum, (iv) HCP control approaches in both upstream and downstream processes, and (v) future directions for effective HCP risk management strategies.
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- PAR ID:
- 10379523
- Editor(s):
- Lee, G.M.; Kildegaard, H. Faustrup; Lee, S.Y.
- Date Published:
- Journal Name:
- Current applications of cell culture engineering
- Volume:
- 1
- ISSN:
- 1386-2928
- Format(s):
- Medium: X
- Sponsoring Org:
- National Science Foundation
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