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1. Observing the mid-latitude aurora

   https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2531275  

   Shaw, Joseph A.; Shaw, Joseph A.; Creath, Katherine; Lakshminarayanan, Vasudevan (August 2019, Proc. SPIE 11099)

   The aurora is a beautiful night sky optical phenomenon that is readily seen at high-latitude locations, but with more effort can also be seen and enjoyed at mid-latitude locations. Guidelines for when and where to look are presented, along with a rich array of photographic examples of mid-latitude auroras exhibiting all the usual range of green, red, and purple colors. 

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2. Horseshoes in the High-Latitude Ionosphere

   https://doi.org/10.1029/2017JA025077  

   Wang, Ningchao; Datta-Barua, Seebany; Chartier, Alex T.; Ramirez, Uriel; Mitchell, Cathryn N. (July 2018, Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics)
3. Physiological acclimatization in high‐latitude zooplankton

   https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.16354  

   Roncalli, Vittoria; Niestroy, Jeanette; Cieslak, Matthew C.; Castelfranco, Ann M.; Hopcroft, Russell R.; Lenz, Petra H. (February 2022, Molecular Ecology)

   Abstract How individual organisms adapt to nonoptimal conditions through physiological acclimatization is central to predicting the consequences of unusual abiotic and biotic conditions such as those produced by marine heat waves. The Northeast Pacific, including the Gulf of Alaska, experienced an extreme warming event (2014–2016, “The Blob”) that affected all trophic levels and led to large‐scale changes in the community. The marine copepodNeocalanus flemingeriis a key member of the subarctic Pacific pelagic ecosystem. During the spring phytoplankton bloom this copepod builds substantial lipid stores as it prepares for its nonfeeding adult phase. A 3‐year comparison of gene expression profiles of copepods collected in Prince William Sound in the Gulf of Alaska between 2015 and 2017 included two high‐temperature years (2015 and 2016) and one year with very low phytoplankton abundances (2016). The largest differences in gene expression were between high and low chlorophyll years, and not between warm and cool years. The observed gene expression patterns were indicative of physiological acclimatization. The predominant signal in 2016 was the down‐regulation of genes involved in glycolysis and its incoming pathways, consistent with the modulation of metabolic rates in response to prolonged low food conditions. Despite the down‐regulation of genes involved in metabolism, there was no evidence of suppression of protein synthesis based on gene expression or behavioural activity. Genes involved in muscle function were up‐regulated, and the copepods were actively swimming and responsive to stimuli at collection. However, genes involved in fatty acid metabolism were down‐regulated in 2016, suggesting reduced lipid accumulation. 

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4. Latitude-dependent oxygen fugacity in arc magmas

   https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-50337-6  

   Hu, Fangyang; Jiang, Hehe; Wan, Bo; Ducea, Mihai N; Gao, Lei; Wu, Fu-Yuan (December 2024, Nature Communications)

   Abstract The redox state of arc mantle has been considered to be more oxidized and diverse than that of the mid-ocean ridge, but the cause of the variation is debated. We examine the redox state of the Cenozoic global arc mantle by compiling measured/calculatedfO₂of olivine-hosted melt inclusions from arc magma and modeledfO₂based on V/Sc and Cu/Zr ratios of arc basaltic rocks. The results indicate that the redox state of Cenozoic arc mantle is latitude dependent, with less oxidized arc mantle in the low latitudes, contrasting with a near constant across-latitude trend in the mid-ocean ridges. We propose that such a latitude-dependent pattern in the arc mantle may be controlled by the variation in the redox state of subducted sediment, possibly related to a latitudinal variation in the primary production of phytoplankton, which results in more organic carbon and sulfide deposited on the low-latitude ocean floor. Our findings provide evidence for the impact of the surface environment on Earth’s upper mantle. 

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5. Latitude dictates plant diversity effects on instream decomposition

   https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abe7860  

   Boyero, Luz; Pérez, Javier; López-Rojo, Naiara; Tonin, Alan M.; Correa-Araneda, Francisco; Pearson, Richard G.; Bosch, Jaime; Albariño, Ricardo J.; Anbalagan, Sankarappan; Barmuta, Leon A.; et al (March 2021, Science Advances)