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1. Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest: Seedling bank – watershed 1 and watershed 6 (2018)

   https://doi.org/10.6073/pasta/f1c35455db94754db3146c1d90f52f54  

   Cleavitt, Natalie; Battles, John J (January 2022, Environmental Data Initiative)

   The understory layer is complex and includes groups of stems with distinctly different chances of survival and recruitment to the sapling size class. We explored how calcium amendment has impacted the trajectory of the seedling bank at Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest. The density of all tree stems in the seedling bank in 2018 (19 years after treatment) was greater in CAL (Watershed 1; calcium treatment) than REF (Waterhsed 6; reference) and beech was more abundant than sugar maple in both watersheds. In terms of relative abundance, the treatment had the opposite effects on the two species: the relative density of sugar maple was significantly greater in CAL than REF while the relative density of beech was significantly less. In terms of beech stem origin, Beech sprouts were more abundant than seedlings on both watersheds; however, beech stems of seed origin were more abundant on CAL (mean±1SE: 4.06±0.49 seedlings m-2) than REF (2.98±0.42), while sprouts were fewer (CAL: 14.4±1.30; REF: 20.5±1.47) resulting in the seedling to sprout ratio on CAL (1:3.5) being half that on REF (1:7). The influence on the seedling bank on future composition of these forests remains to be seen. These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station. 

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2. The watershed‐ecosystem approach

   https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.13977  

   Likens, Gene E. (January 2021, Hydrological Processes)
3. Water sustainability and watershed storage

   https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-018-0099-8  

   McDonnell, J. J.; Evaristo, J.; Bladon, K. D.; Buttle, J.; Creed, I. F.; Dymond, S. F.; Grant, G.; Iroume, A.; Jackson, C. R.; Jones, J. A.; et al (August 2018, Nature Sustainability)
4. Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest: Leaf Area Index (LAI) Bear Brook Watershed (West of Watershed 6)

   https://doi.org/10.6073/pasta/d7cd2a822cdf3f81ed9b598dede6804a  

   Fahey, Timothy J; Cleavitt, Natalie (January 2022, Environmental Data Initiative)

   Leaf area index (LAI) of the mature deciduous forest in the Bear Brook watershed (west of WS6) at Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest is estimated on the basis of leaf litterfall collections; the raw data for litterfall are posted in the EDI data package – Fine Litterfall Data at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, 1992 – present (https://portal.edirepository.org/nis/mapbrowse?scope=knb-lter-hbr&identifier=49). Leaf litterfall collected in 0.097 m2 litter traps is sorted by species. The number of leaves of each species is counted. The counts are multiplied by the average area per leaf for each species in each plot to estimate LAI. Litter traps are located randomly within each of four plots that are arranged along the elevation gradient within the deciduous forest zone. These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station. 

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5. Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest: Leaf Area Index (LAI) Bear Brook Watershed (West of Watershed 6)

   https://doi.org/10.6073/pasta/e6ca833db8b6a4931ab9fafb91191d38  

   Fahey, Timothy; Cleavitt, Natalie (January 2021, Environmental Data Initiative)

   Leaf area index (LAI) of the mature deciduous forest in the Bear Brook watershed (west of WS6) at Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest is estimated on the basis of leaf litterfall collections; the raw data for litterfall are posted in the EDI data package – Fine Litterfall Data at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, 1992 – present (https://portal.edirepository.org/nis/mapbrowse?scope=knb-lter-hbr&identifier=49). Leaf litterfall collected in 0.097 m2 litter traps is sorted by species. The number of leaves of each species is counted. The counts are multiplied by the average area per leaf for each species in each plot to estimate LAI. Litter traps are located randomly within each of four plots that are arranged along the elevation gradient within the deciduous forest zone. 

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